1. Cell Biology & Cancer Objective 4 What can improve personal and public health? Knowledge

2. Seek knowledge so you can make good choices. R educe exposure to R isk factors E arly detection A wareness of treatment options P revention

3. R isk Factors We Can Control ~Excessive exposure to UV radiation especially for those with fair complexion ~Occupational exposure to substances like coal tar, creosote, arsenic compounds & radium ~Poor nutrition & improper body weight ~Risky sexual behavior ~Substance abuse ~Prolonged exposure to stress

4. R isk Factors We Cannot Control ~ Aging (Which is one of the biggest risk factor) ~ Males are more likely than females to develop cancer ~ Heredity (Inherited Predisposition)

5. E arly Detection Cancer remains the 2 nd leading cause of death in the United States. Cancer is a multi-stage disease. The earlier stages of the disease are now more manageable and curable.

6. Breast cancer screening The type and frequency of breast cancerbreast cancer screening that is best for you changes as you age. Ages 18 to 39: You should have a clinical breast exam every 3 years. If you have a high risk for developing breast cancer, talk to your health professional about when to begin having annual mammograms.clinical breast examhigh risk for developing breast cancermammograms Ages 40 to 69: Annual clinical breast exams are recommended by all experts for women in this age group.

7. Cervical cancer screening The Pap test is the most effective screening test for cervicalPap testcervical cancercancer and is often part of a pelvic exam.pelvic exam Testing should start within 3 years of a woman beginning sexual intercourse, whatever age that may be, but no later than 21 years of age. Women older than 30 should have different screening recommendations based on their risk factors.

8. Testicular and Prostate cancer screening The American Cancer Society (ACS) recommends that all men between the ages of 15 and 40 have a testicular exam as part of a regular physical exam by their healthtesticular exam professionals. Prostate exams are part of regular physical exams which should be done annually. A blood test called PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen) is available now and can detect the presence of prostate cancer earlier than physical exam. It is generally recommended for men over age 50 or those with risk factors for the disease.

9. Skin cancer screening Screening guidelines from the American Cancer Society and other expert groups recommend that adults older than 40 have their skin checked by a health professional at least once a year, as well as during any other health exam.

10. People of all ages should get to know their skin. Skin self-examSkin self-exam is a good way to detect early skin changes that may indicate melanoma, because most primary melanomas are easily seen on the surface of the skin. Skin cancer often appears on the trunk of men and on the legs of women.

11. Look for any abnormal skin growth or any change in the color, shape, size, or appearance of a skin growth. Check for any area of injured skin (lesion) that does not heal. Have your spouse or someone such as a close friend help you monitor your skin, especially places that are hard to see such as your scalp and back.

12. Know the ABCDs of early detection Learn your ABCDs, the changes in a mole or skin growth that are warning signs of melanoma: A symmetry : One half doesn't match the other half. B order Irregularity : The edges are ragged, notched, or blurred. C olor: The pigmentation is not uniform. Shades of tan, brown, and black are present. Dashes of red, white, and blue add to the mottled appearance. Color may spread from the edge of a mole into the surrounding skin. D iameter: The size of the mole is greater than 6 mm (0.2 in.), or about the size of a pencil eraser.

13. Colon and rectal cancer screening After age 50 the recommendations include annual screening of stool for occult blood. Colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy and/or barium enema once every 5 years or as recommended by your health professional.

14. Awareness of Treatment Options Seek education and stay current about new research and discoveries on your own by reading, listening and asking questions.

15. Prevention Do eat, sleep and exercise like you should ! Don’t do all the things you know you shouldn't !