1. Where services are needed Key population size estimates and HIV prevalence estimates for key populations.

2. Source: HIV prevention for populations at risk in Cameroon: final report. Yaoundé: Ministry of Public Health; 2014. Female sex workers in Cameroon: population size estimate and HIV prevalence, 2014

3. Source: HIV prevention for populations at risk in Cameroon: final report. Yaoundé: Ministry of Public Health; 2014. Men who have sex with men in Cameroon: population size estimate and HIV prevalence, 2013

4. Source: UNAIDS, World Health Organization and the Global Fund draft assessment of availability of subnational data on HIV/STI prevalence, behaviours, coverage of HIV testing and size estimates for key populations in low-and middle-income countries. Forthcoming. Men who have sex with men in China: population size estimate and HIV prevalence

5. Source: Enquête intégrée de surveillance comportementale et de seroprevalence en Republique Democratique du Congo: Ministère de la Santé Publique: rapport d’enquete; Mars 2014 Rapport de l’enquête sur l’estimation de la taille des populations clés dans six provinces (Bas Congo, Katanga, Kinshasa, Orientale, Nord et Sud Kivu) en RDC. Présidence de la République. Programme National multisectoriel de lutte contre le SIDA (PNMLS). Female sex workers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: population size estimate and HIV prevalence, 2012

6. Source: Integrated biological and behavioural surveillance survey of female sex workers and behavioural surveillance survey of clients of female sex workers in Ghana, 2011; Ghana AIDS Commission: 2011 mapping and population size estimation of female sex workers in Ghana. Female sex workers in Ghana: population size estimate and HIV prevalence, 2011

7. Source: Ghana AIDS Commission: the Ghana men’s study, 2011. Men who have sex with men in Ghana: population size estimate and HIV prevalence, 2011

8. Source: HIV prevalence among female sex workers and men who have sex with men in Haiti, 2011. Female sex workers in Haiti: population size estimate and HIV prevalence, 2011

9. Source: HIV prevalence among female sex workers and men who have sex with men in Haiti; Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting 2015 and HIV prevalence among FSWs and MSM in Haiti. IBBS; 2011. Men who have sex with men in Haiti: population size estimate and HIV prevalence, 2011

10. Source: Programme data for the National AIDS Control Organization management information system (2014); HIV sentinel surveillance 2010–2011. Female sex workers in India: population size estimate and HIV prevalence, 2010

11. Source: Programme data for the National AIDS Control Organization management information system (2014); HIV sentinel surveillance 2010–2011. Men who have sex with men in India: population size estimate and HIV prevalence, 2010

12. Source: Programme data for the National AIDS Control Organization management information system (2014); HIV sentinel surveillance 2010–2011. People who inject drugs in India: population size estimate and HIV prevalence, 2010

13. Sources: Technical report: 2013 sero-surveillance survey and 2013 rapid behavioural survey/integrated biological and behavioural survey, 2011 (http://www.aidsdatahub.org/ibbs-2011-integrated-biological-and-behavioral-survey-ministry-of-health-republic-of-indonesia); Size estimation of key affected populations (KAPs) 2012 (http://www.kebijakanaidsindonesia.net/jdownloads/Publikasi%20Publication/2012_size_estimation_of_key_affected_populations_ kaps.pdf). Female sex workers in Indonesia: population size estimate and HIV prevalence, 2013

14. Sources: Technical report: 2013 sero-surveillance survey and 2013 rapid behavioural survey/integrated biological and behavioural survey, 2011 (http://www.aidsdatahub.org/ibbs-2011-integrated-biological-and-behavioral-survey-ministry-of-health-republic-of-indonesia); Size estimation of key affected populations (KAPs) 2012 (http://www.kebijakanaidsindonesia.net/jdownloads/Publikasi%20Publication/2012_size_estimation_of_key_affected_populations_ kaps.pdf). Men who have sex with men in Indonesia: population size estimate and HIV prevalence, 2013

15. Sources: Technical report: 2013 sero-surveillance survey and 2013 rapid behavioural survey/integrated biological and behavioural survey, 2011 (http://www.aidsdatahub.org/ibbs-2011-integrated-biological-and-behavioral-survey-ministry-of-health-republic-of-indonesia); Size estimation of key affected populations (KAPs) 2012 (http://www.kebijakanaidsindonesia.net/jdownloads/Publikasi%20Publication/2012_size_estimation_of_key_affected_populations_ kaps.pdf). People who inject drugs in Indonesia: population size estimate and HIV prevalence, 2013

16. Sources: Technical report: 2013 sero-surveillance survey and 2013 rapid behavioural survey/integrated biological and behavioural survey, 2011 (http://www.aidsdatahub.org/ibbs-2011-integrated-biological-and-behavioral-survey-ministry-of-health-republic-of-indonesia); Size estimation of key affected populations (KAPs) 2012 (http://www.kebijakanaidsindonesia.net/jdownloads/Publikasi%20Publication/2012_size_estimation_of_key_affected_populations_ kaps.pdf). Transgender people in Indonesia: population size estimate and HIV prevalence, 2013

17. Source: Published data from 2010-2015. People who inject drugs Iran (Islamic Republic of): population size estimate and HIV prevalence, 2010 or later

18. Source: Biological and behavioural surveillance for most at-risk populations in Kenya (http://healthpromotionkenya.org/ LIBRARY%20OF%20DATA/HIV/Project%20Reports/MARPs%20BOOK%20REPORT%20.pdf); Kenya most at risk populations size estimate consensus report 2013; NASCOP—National AIDS and STI Control Programme, Kenya. Female sex workers in Kenya: population size estimate and HIV prevalence, 2011

19. Source: Biological and behavioural surveillance for most at-risk populations in Kenya (http://healthpromotionkenya.org/ LIBRARY%20OF%20DATA/HIV/Project%20Reports/MARPs%20BOOK%20REPORT%20.pdf); Kenya most-at-risk populations size estimate consensus. Nairobi: National AIDS and STI Control Programme, Government of Kenya; 2013. Men who have sex with men in Kenya: population size estimate and HIV prevalence

20. Source: Biological and behavioural surveillance for most at-risk populations in Kenya (http://healthpromotionkenya.org/ LIBRARY%20OF%20DATA/HIV/Project%20Reports/MARPs%20BOOK%20REPORT%20.pdf); Evidence of injection drug use in Kisumu, Kenya: implications for HIV prevention (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25861945); Kenya most-at-risk populations size estimate consensus. Nairobi: National AIDS and STI Control Programme, Government of Kenya; 2013. People who inject drugs in Kenya: population size estimate and HIV prevalence

21. Source: Inquérito integrado biológico e comportamental entre mulheres trabalhadoras de sexo, Moçambique 2011–2012 relatório final (http://globalhealthsciences.ucsf.edu/gsi/IBBS-MTS-Relatorio-Final.pdf). Female sex workers in Mozambique: population size estimate and HIV prevalence, 2012

22. Source: Results of HIV sentinel sero-surveillance, 2014, Myanmar. National AIDS Programme, Department of Health (draft report 2014). Female sex workers in Myanmar: HIV prevalence, 2014

23. Source: Results of HIV sentinel sero-surveillance, 2014, Myanmar. National AIDS Programme, Department of Health (draft report 2014). Men who have sex with men in Myanmar: HIV prevalence, 2014

24. Source: Results of HIV sentinel sero-surveillance, 2014, Myanmar. National AIDS Programme, Department of Health (draft report 2014). People who inject drugs in Myanmar: HIV prevalence, 2014

25. Sources: HIV/STI Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveillance Survey (IBBSS), 2010. Abuja: Federal Ministry of Health; 2010 (http://www.popcouncil.org/uploads/pdfs/2011HIV_IBBSS2010.pdf); Ikpeazu A et al. An appraisal of female sex work in Nigeria— Implications for designing and scaling up HIV prevention programmes. PLoS One. 2014;9: e103619 (://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4131880). Female sex workers in Nigeria: population size estimate and HIV prevalence, 2010

26. Sources: HIV/STI Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveillance Survey (IBBSS), 2010. Abuja: Federal Ministry of Health; 2010 (http://www.popcouncil.org/uploads/pdfs/2011HIV_IBBSS2010.pdf); HIV epidemic appraisals in Nigeria: evidence for prevention programme planning and implementation—data from the first eight states. Abuja: National Agency for the Control of AIDS; 2013 (http://sbccvch.naca.gov.ng/sites/default/files/Local%20Epidemic%20Appraisal_glossy%20report.pdf). Men who have sex with men in Nigeria: population size estimate and HIV prevalence, 2010

27. Sources: HIV/STI Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveillance Survey (IBBSS), 2010. Abuja: Federal Ministry of Health; 2010 (http://www.popcouncil.org/uploads/pdfs/2011HIV_IBBSS2010.pdf); HIV epidemic appraisals in Nigeria: evidence for prevention programme planning and implementation—data from the first eight states. Abuja: National Agency for the Control of AIDS; 2013 (http://sbccvch.naca.gov.ng/sites/default/files/Local%20Epidemic%20Appraisal_glossy%20report.pdf). People who inject drugs in Nigeria: population size estimate and HIV prevalence, 2010

28. Sources: HIV second generation surveillance in Pakistan: national report round IV, 2011 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/ articles/PMC3841725) and HIV-AIDS surveillance project. Mapping of key populations at risk of HIV. HIV second generation surveillance in Pakistan. Islamabad: National AIDS Control Program, Government of Pakistan; 2012. Female sex workers in Pakistan: population size estimate and HIV prevalence, 2011

29. Sources: HIV second generation surveillance in Pakistan: national report round IV, 2011 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/ articles/PMC3841725) and HIV-AIDS surveillance project. Mapping of key populations at risk of HIV. HIV second generation surveillance in Pakistan. Islamabad: National AIDS Control Program, Government of Pakistan; 2012. Male sex workers in Pakistan: population size estimate and HIV prevalence, 2011

30. Sources: HIV second generation surveillance in Pakistan: national report round IV, 2011 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/ articles/PMC3841725) and HIV-AIDS surveillance project. Mapping of key populations at risk of HIV. HIV second generation surveillance in Pakistan. Islamabad: National AIDS Control Program, Government of Pakistan; 2012. People who inject drugs in Pakistan: population size estimate and HIV prevalence, 2011

31. Sources: HIV second generation surveillance in Pakistan: national report round IV, 2011 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/ articles/PMC3841725) and HIV-AIDS surveillance project. Mapping of key populations at risk of HIV. HIV second generation surveillance in Pakistan. Islamabad: National AIDS Control Program, Government of Pakistan; 2012. Transgender people in Pakistan: population size estimate and HIV prevalence, 2011

32. Sources: Balakirieva O et al. Summary of the analytical report Monitoring the behaviour and HIV-infection prevalence among female sex workers as a component of second generation surveillance (according to the results of 2013 bio-behavioural survey). Kyiv: International HIV/AIDS Alliance in Ukraine; 2014 (http://www.aidsalliance.org.ua/ru/library/our/2014/ arep14/zvit%20FSW_summary_obl_ENG.pdf); Analytical report: estimation of the size of populations most-at-risk for HIV infection in Ukraine as of 2012 based on the results of 2011 survey. Female sex workers in Ukraine: population size estimate and HIV prevalence, 2013

33. Sources: Bolshov YS et al. Summary of the analytical report Monitoring the behaviour and HIV-infection prevalence among men who have sex with men as a component of HIV second generation surveillance (according to the results of 2013 bio-behavioural survey). Kyiv: International HIV/AIDS Alliance in Ukraine; 2014 (http://www.aidsalliance.org.ua/ru/library/ our/2014/arep14/zvit%20MSM_obl_eng.pdf). Analytical report: estimation of the size of populations most-at-risk for HIV infection in Ukraine as of 2012 based on the results of 2011 survey. Men who have sex with men in Ukraine: population size estimate and HIV prevalence, 2013

34. Sources: Balakirieva O et al. Summary of the analytical report Monitoring the behaviour and HIV-infection prevalence among people who inject drugs as a component of HIV second generation surveillance (according to the results of 2013 bio-behavioural survey). Kyiv: International HIV/AIDS Alliance in Ukraine; 2014 (http://www.aidsalliance.org.ua/ru/library/ our/2014/arep14/zvit%20IDU_obl_eng.pdf); Analytical report: estimation of the size of populations most-at-risk for HIV infection in Ukraine as of 2012 based on the results of 2011 survey. People who inject drugs in Ukraine: population size estimate and HIV prevalence, 2013

35. Sources: Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting, 2015; Khalid F et al. Doubling of HIV prevalence among female sex workers (FSW) in Zanzibar assessed through respondent-driven sampling (RDS) surveys, 2007 to 2011 (http://globalhealthsciences.ucsf.edu/sites/default/files/content/pphg/posters/FSW-CROI-Poster-27Feb2013v3.pdf); Consensus estimates on key population size and HIV prevalence in Tanzania, 2014. Dar es Salaam: National AIDS Control Programme, United Republic of Tanzania; 2014 (http://www.healthpolicyproject.com/pubs/391_ FORMATTEDTanzaniaKPconsensusmtgreport.pdf). Female sex workers in United Republic of Tanzania: population size estimate and HIV prevalence

36. Sources: Viet Nam AIDS response progress report. 2014; HIV sentinel surveillance with a behavioural component (HSS+) and integrated biological and behavioural surveys (IBBS), 2013; Review of data on female sex workers for the Asian Epidemic Model (AEM) (annex table); Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting 2015; 2013 HIV estimates. Sex workers in Viet Nam: population size estimate and HIV prevalence, 2013–2014

37. Sources: Viet Nam AIDS response progress report, 2014; HIV sentinel surveillance with a behavioural component (HSS+) and Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveys (IBBS), 2013; Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting, 2015; 2013 HIV estimates. Men who have sex with men in Viet Nam: population size estimate and HIV prevalence, 2013–2014

38. Sources: Viet Nam AIDS response progress report, 2014; HIV sentinel surveillance with a behavioural component (HSS+) and Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveys (IBBS), 2013; Review of data on people who inject drugs for the Asian epidemic model (AEM) (annex table); Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting, 2015; 2013 HIV estimates. People who inject drugs in Viet Nam: population size estimate and HIV prevalence, 2010–2013