1. DO NOW A team of scientists has discovered a cure for the common cold!!! The new vaccine was tested in 20 individuals all of whom had the same strain of the cold. The symptoms of the cold disappeared in all 20 individuals within a 24 hour period of time. Did the scientists actually discover the cure for the common cold? Why or why not?

2. DO NOW ANSWERED No, the scientists did not prove that their vaccine was effective against all strains of the cold. The test group was too small. The experiment should have been retested on a variety of groups of people. The experiment also lacked a control group.

3. Chapter 1 The Science of Biology

4. Bio journal #1 Complete Bio journal #1 using this image.

5. Diversity of Life Activity

6. 1-1: What is Science? asking questions about the world around us is part of human nature – examples: how did life begin? where did plants and animals come from? – different cultures have different answers to these questions

7. Science Organized process whose goal is to investigate and understand the natural world Explain events in the natural world Use those explanations to make useful predictions

8. DO NOW Friday Sept 6 List the steps of the scientific method.

9. DO NOW ANSWERED Observation Hypothesis Experiment Data Analysis Conclusion

10. Science is an ongoing process The most effective way to learn science or biology is to think like a scientist or biologist. Begins with observation – the process of gathering information about events or processes in a careful, orderly way. Usually involves the senses – sight and hearing Information we gather from observations is called data.

11. Thinking like a scientist Scientists use data to make inferences – logical interpretations based on prior knowledge or experience. A hypothesis is a proposed scientific explanation for a set of observations. Sometimes involves creative imagination but always grounded in science.

12. 1-2: How Scientists Work systematic approach to problem solving that involves observation and experimentation distinguishes a science from a nonscience consists of five steps 1.Ask a question: observing and stating a problem 2.Forming a hypothesis: possible explanation or conclusion about some event in nature 3.Testing the hypothesis with an experiment: or controlled test 4.Recording and analyzing data: recorded observations and information 5.Forming a conclusion Experiments must be able to be replicated.

13. Replicating an Experiment Complete the activity “Replicating Results” A hypothesis should be tested by an experiment in which only variable is changed at a time. All other variables should be kept unchanged or controlled.

14. DO NOW Sept 9 Explain why performing an experiment or controlled test is a critical step in the scientific method.

15. DO NOW ANSWERED Testing your hypothesis using a controlled experiment will provide you with accurate data. Data will be meaningful when it is analyzed. If certain controls are not set, it will not be possible to only test for a single variable.

16. AGENDA Monday Sept 9 BIG Question: How have early scientific experiments shown the value of the scientific method? 1. DO NOW 2. Replicating Results Part II 3. Identifying Variables 4. Spontaneous Generation 5. Closing Thoughts 6. Scientific Method Homework – Due Tuesday

17. A Controlled Experiment variable: single factor that is isolated and tested in an experiment – can only be ONE variable constant: the part of the experiment that stays the same from setup to setup control setup: part of the experiment that does not contain the variable experimental setup: part of the experiment that contains the variable being tested controlled experiments allow researchers to isolate and test the effects of a single factor

18. Identifying Variables In a controlled experiment, only ONE variable is tested at a time. Manipulating variable is the variable that is deliberately changed. Also called the Independent variable. Responding variable is the variable that is observed and changes in response to manipulated variable. Also known as the dependent variable.

19. DO NOW: Question of the Day Answer the following Question… A scientific theory is a. another word for hypothesis b. a well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations c. same as the conclusion of an experiment d. the first step in a controlled experiment

20. DO NOW ANSWERED A scientific theory is b. a well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations

21. AGENDA Sept 10 Big Question: What are the characteristics of living things? 1. DO NOW 2. Laboratory Safety 3. Section 1-3 Studying Life 4. Closing thoughts and homework 5. Lab Safety Quiz on Wednesday Sept 11

22. Spontaneous Generation Idea that life could arise from nonliving matter Redi’s Experiment on Spontaneous Generation

23. Redi’s Experiment Controlled Variables that remain the same: – Jars, type of meat, location, temperature Manipulated Variables: – Gauze covering the jars Responding Variables: – Whether maggots appear

24. Spallanzani’s Test Controlled Variables: – Type of flask, location, heat, chicken broth Manipulated Variables: – Cork used to stopper flask Responding Variables: – Presence of microorganisms in broth

25. Reproducing Results Spallanzani’s Test

26. AGENDA Sept 11 Big Question: What are the characteristics of living things? 1. Laboratory Safety Quiz 2. Scientific Method Worksheet 3. DO NOW 4. Section 1-3 Studying Life 5. Closing thoughts and homework 6. Complete Scientific Method Extension Handout

27. Theory A well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations. Make accurate predictions about new situations.

28. 1-3: STUDYING LIFE Are the following things alive?

29. Characteristics of Living Things 1. Living things are made up of cells. – A cell is a collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its surroundings. 2. Living things reproduce. – Asexual reproduction: new organism has a single parent. – Sexual reproduction: cells from two different parents unite to produce the first cell of a new organism

30. 3. Living things are based on a universal genetic code. – DNA determines the genetic traits of every organism on Earth. 4. Living things grow and develop. – Development is a process where cells divide to produce new organisms. – Differentiation occurs as cells change shape structure to perform specialized functions.

31. Characteristics of Living Things 5. Living things obtain and use materials and energy. – Requires energy to grow, develop, and reproduce. – Metabolism is combination of chemical reaction which build up or break down materials. 6. Living things respond to their environment. – A stimulus is a signal to which an organism responds. – External or Internal Stimuli

32. Question of the Day Sept 12 Which of the following is not a characteristic of life? A. Grow and reproduce B. Contain carbon C. Obtain energy D. Made of cells

33. DO NOW Sept 12 What biological process includes chemical reactions that break down materials?

34. AGENDA Sept 12 Big Question: What are the characteristics of living things? 1. Question of the Day 2. DO NOW 3. Characteristics of living things 4. Bio terms 5. Levels of Organization 6. Closing Thoughts 7. Homework – Sci Method Extension DUE Friday

35. 7. Living things maintain a stable internal environment. – Most organisms keep fairly constant internal temperature and water content. – Process called Homeostasis 8. Taken as a group, living things change over time. – Organisms evolve or change over time. – Occurs over thousands or millions of years.

36. Level of Organization Living things can be studied at various levels. Molecules to Cells to Tissues to Organs Refer to Figure 1-21 Page 21

37. The Metric System the universal system of measurement a decimal system based on certain standards and scaled on multiples of 10 also known as the International System of Units, or SI

38. Common Metric Units length – the meter – roughly equals 39.4 inches volume: the amount of space an object occupies – cubic centimeter for solids – liter for liquids

39. More Common Metric Units mass: measure of the amount of matter in and object weight: measure of the pull of gravity on that mass – the kilogram – approximately 2.2 pounds temperature – uses the Celsius scale – water freezes at 0°C and boils at 100°C

40. 1-3: Science: “Facts” and “Truth” scientific knowledge is a constantly changing body of observation many scientific facts of the past are now known to be false science is a process an important goal in science is to be objective

41. 1-5: The Spaceship Called Earth no longer a planet without end we must protect our planet and preserve its living treasures Earth is like a spaceship with a living cargo, carrying limited amounts of supplies