1. Instructional Design John Penn

2. Instructional Design Banathy (1987) defines Instructional Design as a system of procedures for developing education and training curricula in a consistent and reliable fashion. Banathy, B.H.(1987). Instructional systems design. In R.M. Gagne (Ed)., Instructional technology: Foundations. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

3. Instructional Design Theory Learning Theory Instructional Design Model Instructional design theory, Learning theory and an Instructional Design Model are all relevant aspects of Instructional design, but they are different from one another because they describe different aspects of instructional design. Instructional Design Theory is a theory on how to get learning to happen during the production of instructional design material. Learning theory is a theory about how learning takes place such as examples of Behaviorism, Cognitivism and Constructivism. An instructional design model is the applied processes and steps that take place to create the instructional design product.

4. Instructional Design There are many different instructional design models from which to choose. Many of these models have common features such as development of objectives, needs assessments, and an iterative design-test-improve cycle

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6. Instructional Design ADDIE Source: http://www.novusorigo.com/services/training-services/http://www.novusorigo.com/services/training-services

7. Analysis Analysis is composed a structured process to identify the WHO, WHAT and HOW that need to be identified so that the instructional design document can address the needs of the people undergoing the learning and or training. This would include WHO are you teaching and what are the needs of the learner. WHAT are you trying to teach and the outcomes that you are looking for. HOW will the instructional designer know if their end product users were able to learn from the presented material. The instructional designer can accomplish the WHO, WHAT, HOW through utilization of what is known as People, Document Recovery, Literature.

8. Design Design is the systemic process of the design elements of instructional design product. Important elements of the design process are delivery decisions, templates, interaction planning, paper models and or storyboards, navigation and testing. Delivery decisions is an understanding of the proper means of distribution of the instructional design product. Templates are structures for information to be inserted on the instructional design product. Interaction planning is how the end users will have interactions with the instructor/ facilitator, with each other and the content. Paper models and storyboards act as a way to test out the instructional design presentation and material. Navigation is how the user will get through the instructional design documents and testing refers to the actual testing of the instructional design product to ensure that there are no bugs/ flaws in the design and implementation.

9. Development Development is a systemic way of creating, testing and improvement of the instructional design product. This is the stage where the product is created and as close to it’s finished state as possible. The development stage has some vital components such as; writer guides, content creation, combination of content with the templates, self testing/ revision, Alpha testing/ revision. All of these components help refine the product and ensure for a good user experience.

10. Implementation Implementation is when the end product is released and used by the end users of the WHO. This is not the end of the process however, Beta testing is performed to correct any mistakes and or bugs with the end product. In addition, data collection is performed to help evaluate the end product.

11. Evaluation Evaluation of the product serves as a litmus test to see how well you served the needs of the WHO,WHAT and HOW of the project. The evaluation step gives an instructional designer an opportunity to learn from any areas of opportunity or mistakes they have made during the production of the training material. This step also allows for the instructional designer to think about future strategies and potential new ways in which to perform the next project.

12. Why Use Instructional Design Instructional design allows for the instructional designers to take what may seem to be an overwhelming, non-linear project and give it structure to help with the creation of the instructional design product. The Instructional Design models help to flesh out those structures. Most instructional designers may use some of the design theory or they may not use any of the design theories. However, the use of instructional design can give structure to the creation process and help stream line the process to attain the best possible end product.