2. Teaching Young Children OBJECTIVE 3.02 Understand selection and use of teaching methods.

3. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods2 Teaching Young Children Part 1: Selecting Teaching Methods  Ways Children Learn  The Role of Play Materials

4. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods3 Selecting Teaching Methods In order to select appropriate teaching methods, you need to know about –The ways children learn –The role of play materials –Factors to consider when selecting toys and play materials

5. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods4 How do children learn? From the environment From a teacher From their experiences

6. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods5 Learning from the environment Using manipulative objects Interactive environment with opportunities to explore and experiment

7. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods6 Learning from a teacher Provides positive reinforcement Is a good role model for children to imitate When a person shows someone else how to do something, this is called modeling.

8. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods7 Learning from experiences Sensory elements Trial and error Learn from mistakes Address all areas of development

9. The Role of Play Materials

10. Play is the business of children.

11. Play = Learning Play “plays” a very important role in learning.

12. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods11 2 Types of Play Materials 1.Open-ended --- can be used in a variety of ways, with no one correct way to play with them 2.Closed-ended --- structured materials meant to be used in one way, with one intended outcome

13. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods12 Can you think of examples of each? Open-ended Both types offer benefits for children. Closed-ended

14. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods13 Benefits of Open-ended Materials for Children 1.Develop independence 2.Learn to make decisions 3.Learn to solve problems 4.Use their imagination

15. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods14 Benefits of Closed-ended Materials for Children 1.Learn to follow directions 2.Develop sensory perception 3.Help develop motor skills

16. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods15 Factors to Consider When Selecting Toys & Play Materials Safety –Rounded, smooth edges –Nontoxic

17. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods16 Factors to Consider When Selecting Toys & Play Materials Durability Easy to clean Appropriate for different ages Encourages cooperative play, not aggressive play

18. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods17 Factors to Consider When Selecting Toys & Play Materials Number of children who can use at one time Storage space available

19. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods18 Factors to Consider When Selecting Toys & Play Materials Multi-purpose Encourages active involvement, not passive observation

20. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods19 Factors to Consider When Selecting Toys & Play Materials Teaches basic concepts Allows for sensory learning

21. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods20 Factors to Consider When Selecting Toys & Play Materials Enjoyed by both boys and girls Fun to play with

22. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods21 Teaching Young Children Part 2: Using Teaching Methods  Planning Lessons

23. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods22 Using Teaching Methods In order to use teaching methods effectively, you need to know about –Planning lessons –Teaching styles –Teaching techniques

24. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods23 Lesson Plan A detailed written explanation of a learning activity Like an architect prepares a blueprint so that the builder will know every detail about how the building should be built, and to guarantee that the building is physically sound and aesthetically pleasing; similarly, a teacher prepares a lesson plan with every detail about how the lesson is to be taught, which better ensures that the lesson will be effective and that children will participate and learn. The only difference is that...

25. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods24 The only difference is that the teacher is both the architect and the builder.

26. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods25 Purposes of Lesson Plans Serves as an organizational tool Forces teachers to think ahead Enables teachers to think through what they want to do Provides time to gather needed materials Can be saved for future reference

27. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods26 Results of Teaching without Lesson Plans??? Lessons flounder and fail Time wasted Children bored Materials not ready Things left out

28. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods27 Components of Lesson Plans Target age group Topic or theme Purpose Concepts to be learned Skills to be developed Materials needed Procedures Questions Follow-up activities Evaluation Let’s look at each of these more closely...

29. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods28 Target Age Group Age or level of development of children Example: Three-year-olds

30. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods29 Purpose of Lesson Stated as objectives Things to aim for and reach Targets Example: The learners will be able to (TLWBAT) recognize basic shapes.

31. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods30 What could be an objective for this learning activity?

32. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods31 Concepts to Be Learned Skills to Be Developed List exactly the concepts and skills that will be learned/developed. Concept: Objects can be counted one at a time. Skill: Counting from 1 to 10

33. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods32 Concepts to Be Learned Skills to Be Developed List exactly the concepts and skills that will be learned/developed. What concepts and skills can be developed from playing dress-up? Concept? Skill?

34. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods33 Materials Needed List all materials needed State quantities This serves as the teacher’s checklist for getting prepared. (Example) Materials Needed 6 sets crayons 1 4-in. paper square per child 6 bottles white glue Yarn, assorted lengths, colors

35. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods34 Procedures Outline steps for leading the activity Put them in correct sequence Be thorough (Example) Procedures: 1.Have children sit in a circle. 2.Introduction: Ask children to close their eyes and picture their most favorite food. 3.Tell children that they are going to learn about foods that make their bodies strong and healthy. 4.Read the first page of the book...

36. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods35 Lessons usually include these lesson functions: Focus and review - an introduction to capture attention, focus on the topic, review Statement of objective – to state what children will learn Teacher input – to introduce new information Student guided practice – to give children a chance to use the new information Independent practice –to see how well children can do things on their own Closure - to summarize, bring the activity to an end

37. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods36 Questions To focus thinking and guide learning Example: “What happens if we push just one button at a time?”

38. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods37 Follow-up Activities To reinforce what was learned To provide additional help for children who need it

39. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods38 Evaluation To assess the effectiveness of the lesson –Number of children who were successful –Adaptations needed for different ability levels –Ways to improve –Would you use again? Example: “Next time I will remember to work with a smaller number of children at a time...”

40. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods39 Transitions Short activities that guide children smoothly from one activity to another

41. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods40 Transition signals may be

42. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods41 Transition Methods Move a few children at a time while others do another activity Sort children by colors of clothing worn (or other categories); move by groups Have children move as though they were specific animals “Move to Circle Time like an elephant walking through the jungle.

43. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods42 Transition Methods To start an activity, use a prop or something special to capture interest For clean-up transition, use a job board or a job jar Use choice time to let children decide the activity they wish to do next

44. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods43 Teaching Young Children Part 3: Using Teaching Methods  Teaching Styles  Teaching Techniques

45. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods44 Teaching Styles The ways in which teachers conduct their classes Think about the ways in which some of YOUR teachers conduct their classes...

46. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods45 Teaching style includes The teacher’s expectations about behavior The degree of structure in lessons The degree of spontaneity in lessons What’s spontaneity ? You know, spontaneous! Spontaneity is when the teacher follows her impulses, lets things happen naturally.

47. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods46 Factors Affecting Teaching Styles The teacher’s personality The teacher’s own learning style The teacher’s beliefs about teaching and learning

48. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods47 Ways Children Respond to Teaching Styles One style is not necessarily better Children benefit from many different styles Sensitive teachers are aware of their own teaching styles Effective teachers know how to adapt their styles as needed

49. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods48  Teaching Techniques

50. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods49 Teaching Technique #1: Arrange the environment Provide adequate space Organize space so activity can be done safely and easily

51. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods50 Teaching Technique #2: Set the stage Use an opener to catch their attention Let children know what to expect Help children get into the right frame of mind Use a focus object – an item related to the activity that helps introduce it

52. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods51 Teaching Technique #3: Handle play activities Serve as the facilitator, not the controller Help children get the most out of play Recognize teachable moments --- unplanned times when children are ready to learn

53. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods52 Teaching Technique #4: Group children appropriately Factors to consider –Number of children –Age range –Ability levels

54. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods53 Methods of Grouping Chronological grouping – same age together Developmental grouping – same ability levels together Family grouping – same age range together Random grouping – grouping with no pattern in mind; each child has an equal chance to be in any group

55. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods54 Advantages/Disadvantages of Grouping by Age or Ability Advantage: Easier to plan lessons Disadvantage: Children miss the opportunity to relate to children of other ages/abilities Can you think of other advantages or disadvantages?

56. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods55 Advantages/Disadvantages of Family Grouping Advantage: Individual children have a greater chance of learning Advantage: Children have more opportunity to learn to relate with children of other ages Disadvantage: The range of developmental needs is challenging for teachers Can you think of other advantages or disadvantages?

57. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods56 Conditions under which smaller groups are needed: 1.When much personal attention is required 2.When learning new skills 3.When the activity is complex 4.With younger children 5.When children are prone to misbehave

58. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods57 Teaching Technique #5: Use concrete objects Children understand best when they can see and touch Descriptive words sometimes have little meaning for young children

59. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods58 Teaching Technique #6: Use open-ended questions Require more than a “yes” or “no” answer There is no right or wrong response Encourage children to express themselves Stimulate creativity and language development

60. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods59 Teaching Technique #7: Use other techniques effectively. Visuals can reinforce learning Props can capture attention and add variety

61. A- 3.02 - Teaching Methods60 That’s all for now!