1. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 1 Documenting Use Cases Data Dictionary for the Use Cases Data Dictionary contains 1. the composition of data used within a Use Case in terms of data elements 2. the units, types, sample values, and other notes relevant for the data elements

2. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 2 Data Structure Notation Data structures contain data elements symbolmeaning = is composed of +and ()optional []select one of several choices |alternative choices in [] {}repetition, or iteration

3. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 3 Data Elements Info General data element name, aliases definition Format Type, Length, Picture, Measurement unit Control Source access and update authorizations security

4. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 4 Data Elements Info usage info value range frequency of access Relationships parent structures data flows Processes Reports forms and screens

5. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 5 Example for Data Structure Notation order = customer-name + shipping-address + 1{item}10 customer-type = [govt|private|non-profit]

6. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegarden Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 6 Structural Modeling Chapter 7

7. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 7 Key Ideas A structural or conceptual model describes the structure of the data that supports the business processes in an organization.. The structure of data used in the system is represented through CRD cards, class diagrams, and object diagrams.

8. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 8 Purpose of Structural Models Reduce the “semantic gap” between the real world and the world of software Create a vocabulary for analysts and users Represent things, ideas, and concepts of importance in the application domain

9. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 9 Classes Templates for creating instances or objects Concrete Abstract Typical examples: Application domain, user interface, data structure, file structure, operating environment, document, and multimedia classes

10. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 10 Attributes Units of information relevant to the description of the class Only attributes important to the task should be included

11. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 11 Operations Action that instances/objects can take Focus on relevant problem- specific operations (at this point)

12. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 12 Relationships Generalization Enables inheritance of attributes and operations Aggregation Relates parts to wholes Association Miscellaneous relationships between classes

13. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegarden Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 13 CLASS-RESPONSIBILITY- COLLABORATION CARDS

14. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 14 Responsibilities and Collaborations Responsibilities Knowing Doing Collaboration Objects working together to service a request

15. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 15 A CRC Card Front: Class name:ID:Type: Description: Responsibilities:Collaborators: Back: Attributes: Relationships: Generalization (a-kind-of): Aggregation (has-parts): Other Associations:

16. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegarden Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 16 CLASS DIAGRAMS

17. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 17 Example Class Diagram

18. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 18 Class Diagram Syntax A CLASS AN ATTRIBUTE AN OPERATION AN ASSOCIATION Class 1 -attribute +operation () Attribute name/ derived attribute name operation name () 1..*0..1 ______verb phrase____

19. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 19 More on Attributes Derived attributes /age, for example can be calculated from birth date and current date Visibility Public Protected Private

20. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 20 More on Operations Constructor Creates object Query Makes information about state available Update Changes values of some or all attributes

21. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 21 More on Relationships Class can be related to itself (role) Multiplicity Exactly one, zero or more, one or more, zero or one, specified range, multiple disjoint ranges Association class

22. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 22 Object Diagrams

23. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 23 Summary CRC cards capture the essential elements of a class. Class and object diagrams show the underlying structure of an object- oriented system. Constructing the structural model is an iterative process involving: textual analysis, brainstorming objects, role playing, creating the diagrams, and incorporating useful patterns.

24. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 24 Problem for Structural Modeling: Chapter 7, MiniCase 2, page 213.