1. A Brief Look on Iranian S&T Indicators Country Report for International Conference on S&T Policy Research and Statistical Indicators 8-10 Nov. 2006 Colombo, Sri Lanka Ministry of Science, Research and Technology (MSRT) Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST) Prepared by Dr. S.M. Masoumzadeh

2.  Iran has relatively developed its own science and technology infrastructure compared to other developing countries in the region.  It also built up a significant industrial base, mainly by licensing technology from abroad.  The export of high-tech industrial products is narrow. Introduction

3. has pursued a development strategy of self-reliance with some degree of success.Iran has pursued a development strategy of self-reliance with some degree of success. Iran needs to shift towards a more knowledge-based economy. It needs to improve the performance of its national innovation system. Iran has to make serious effort to promote its S&T indicators. IntroductionCont.

4. Economic Indicators Population: 69.7 Millions Growth Rate: 1.29% annually Urban: 66% Total adult literacy rate: 77.3% (men 83%, women 70%) Share of Education expenditures of GDP: 11.3% 20 million students at schools

5. Economic Indicators (Cont.) Near 2 million university students GDP: $ 177.9 billions Non-oil Exports: around $10 billions Major exports: petrochemicals, carpet, agricultural and fisheries products Government controls over 80% of the economy

6. Contribution of different sectors in GDP (%) Sector2000200120022003 Agriculture14131211 Industry33364041 Services535148 Source :World Development Indicators, 2005

7. Structure of Manufacturing Iranian industries include handicrafts, small rural and urban workshops, large-scale consumer goods, and modern heavy industries. Small industrial workshop is those employing 9 individuals or fewer both in rural and urban areas. Large-scale manufacturing enterprises are defined as those employing 10 or more workers.

8. Structure of Manufacturing (Cont.) This sector comprises of 9 major groups: 1)Food, beverage and tobacco 2)Textile, clothing and leather industry 3)Wood and wooden products industry 4)Paper and paper industry 5)Chemicals and chemical 6)Other non-metallic mineral 7)Basic metals 8)Machinery and equipment 9)Miscellaneous industry

9. Structure of Manufacturing (Cont.) No more than 24000 were classified as large formal companies but these accounted for lion’s share of value-added in manufacturing. The manufacturing, value-added of GDP in 2003 was only 12.5 percent. It engaged 17.8% of the employed labor force in 1996.

11. Science and Technology Indicators Research Base Year1920195119611971198119912001 Number15195786191216 Number of Iranian Governmental Research Institutes Source: Science Policy Quarterly 1994+UNDP, 2005

12. Science and Technology Indicators (Cont.) University Education In 2005-2006, 52% of all enrollments in university degree programmes was in the private sector and the rest was in public sector. 28% of all university enrollments were in engineering. Pure science 11%

13. Science and Technology Indicators (CONT.) Medical science 6% Social science 44% Art 4% Agriculture 7%

14. Science and Technology Indicators (Cont.) According to official sources, more than 750,000 students enrolled in public universities and more than 1,250,000 in private sector in 2005/06. The number of faculty members has been increased to 79,617 (40,536 full time and 39,081 part time members) in Academic year 2005/06.

15. Science and Technology Indicators (Cont.) The number of scientific articles published in international journals, increased from 281 1n 1992 to 3349 in 2004.

16. Science and Technology Indicators (Cont.) R&D Expenditure The input (resources) are often into Financial and Human resources: In last two decades the Iranian R&D expenditure was fluctuated between 0.2 and 0.4 percent of the GDP. In comparison with the other developed countries is far behind,

17. Science and Technology Indicators (Cont.) Country1999200020012002 Germany 2.432.492.502.52 Iran0.340.310.380.52 Japan2.962.993.073.12 Korea, Rep.2.252.392.582.53 Sri Lanka---- Turkey0.630.640.720.66 USA2.642.712.732.65 Source: World Development, 2005+R&D Society of Iranian Industries and Mines2006 R&D Expenditure (% OF GDP) in some Countries

18. Science and Technology Indicators (CONT.) The major source of Iranian R&D expenditure comes from the governmental sector while the share of private sector is very small. Human resources in science and technology are one of the key resources for economic growth. Iran with 484 researchers per million in R&D.

19. Science and Technology Indicators (CONT.) CountryGermanyIranJapanKorea, Rep. Sri Lanka Turk eyUSA Researchers3222484508529791973454526 Researchers in R&D (per million people): 1990-2003 Source: World Development Indicators, 2006

20. Science and Technology Indicators (Cont.) Iranian National Innovation System (NIS) The major actors in the Iranian NIS are government ministries, research institutes, universities and majority of large enterprises. Innovation activity in Iran is supply-driven.

21. Conclusion Share of the private sector in R&D expenditure is very small. Iran with about 0.4% of GDP allocated to R&D is far behind industrialized countries. The number of scientists and researchers much lower. Iran has expended its universities and the number of faculty members. Students have grown manifold.

22. Conclusion The numbers of scientific articles published in international journal has been increased sharply. The innovation activities in Iran are driven not by demand but by government planes.

23. Thank you