1. Emotions (Chapter 11) Lecture Outline: Emotions and faces Physiology, cognition, and emotion Deception

3. Paul Ekman: Facial Action Coding

4. Major emotions in pairs Happiness and Joy Happiness and Joy Fear and anxiety Fear and anxiety Acceptance Acceptance Anticipation/ Interest Anticipation/ Interest Sadness Anger Disgust or shame Surprise

5. Emotional schematics: Ekman

6. Which of these neutral faces do you prefer? A, B, or C?

7. Development of Emotions Excitement Positive emotionsNegative Emotions joy anger sad interest surprise pain Social Referencing phenomenon

8. Emotions have adaptive evolutionary function Joy: About to achieve a goal Joy: About to achieve a goal Anger: Confronted by an obstacle Anger: Confronted by an obstacle Sadness: A goal is unattainable Sadness: A goal is unattainable Disgust: Something distasteful is happening Disgust: Something distasteful is happening All of these emotions lead to motivation for some kind of action or reaction All of these emotions lead to motivation for some kind of action or reaction

9. Emotion and the Brain Emotions appear to processed in the right hemisphere of the brain Emotions appear to processed in the right hemisphere of the brain Experience of emotion Experience of emotion –Positive emotions in left hemisphere, approach responses –Negative emotions in right hemisphere, avoidance responses Amygdala in brainstem: Immediate emotional reactions Amygdala in brainstem: Immediate emotional reactions –What do you do when startled? Jump? Frontal lobe injury: Anger management problems Frontal lobe injury: Anger management problems

10. Different components of emotions Physiological I am mad because I am aroused and full of epinephrine Subjective I am mad because I feel mad all over Cognitive I am mad because I just lost the game and it was all my fault

11. Does the Body Lie? Physiological measurement has been used to detect lies Physiological measurement has been used to detect lies BP, HR, Skin conductance, respiration rate are assessed to a baseline of innocuous questions BP, HR, Skin conductance, respiration rate are assessed to a baseline of innocuous questions Significant questions slipped in: Do physiological changes result? Significant questions slipped in: Do physiological changes result? Why? It takes energy to inhibit responses and lie. Why? It takes energy to inhibit responses and lie. Polygraphs are unreliable, result in too many false positives (innocent people fail because they are nervous about the accusation) Polygraphs are unreliable, result in too many false positives (innocent people fail because they are nervous about the accusation)

12. Does the face lie? Is this person modeling genuine warmth or concealed irritation?

13. Emotional experience What comes first, cognition or emotion? What comes first, cognition or emotion? Has anyone here told ghost stories in an old house? What happens? Has anyone here told ghost stories in an old house? What happens? You can be “afraid” in a big empty house, and then begin thinking about frightening things happening: Emotion causes cognition You can be “afraid” in a big empty house, and then begin thinking about frightening things happening: Emotion causes cognition Someone can tell you stories in a big empty house and you end up afraid: Cognition causes emotion Someone can tell you stories in a big empty house and you end up afraid: Cognition causes emotion Do you show fear in your facial expression? Do you eye an escape route? How do you control your fear? Do you show fear in your facial expression? Do you eye an escape route? How do you control your fear?

14. Field Experiment Go on a blind date Go on a blind date Before going, eat three chocolate bars Before going, eat three chocolate bars They are full of caffeine and sugar: Results in a highly alert and emotionally aroused state They are full of caffeine and sugar: Results in a highly alert and emotionally aroused state How will you interpret this arousal? How will you interpret this arousal? –Is it attraction to the person you are with? –Is it illness or anger? You make cognitive attributions about physiological states such as these You make cognitive attributions about physiological states such as these Expectations are important as well: Overachieving results in positive emotion, bronze vs. silver medal winners Expectations are important as well: Overachieving results in positive emotion, bronze vs. silver medal winners