1. Benito Mussolini “Il Duce” –the leader
Rise of Fascism in Italy
“All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state.”
-Mussolini

2. Traits of Totalitarians
Leader
Unite his/her people as a common goal
Symbol of the government
Dictatorship
Dominates the government
Gets devotion of loyal followers
Ideology
Glorification of the past
Justification of actions

3. Traits of Totalitarians
State Control
Business control
Control labor
Control children and the schools
Media (newspaper, radio, movies, etc.)
Religion
Art
Control Individual
Total obedience
Personal sacrifice
Denial of personal liberties for the good of the state
Modern Technology
Mass communication
Spread propaganda
build up weapons

4. Traits of Totalitarians
Organize Violence
Force
Terror
Crush opponents
Labor camps

5. Fascism
1. Stressed nationalism and placed state’s interests over individual's Claims: A strong nation, all power must rest with one person.

6. Causes for fascism in Italy:
Problems: After WW1 unemployment, inflation, social unrest rose
*People feared communist
Many took advantage of these conditions and sought power.
Italy:
Suffered heavy military casualties
Food shortage
Rising food prices
Unemployment &
business failure

7. Causes for fascism in Italy:

8. Fascism in Italy
Spoke about Italian’s military strength and glory of ancient Rome.
Gained support from the unemployed and soldiers
Organized the “Blackshirts”
Oct – Mussolini and his followers seized the government in Rome and overthrew King Victor Emmanuel II

9. El Duce

10. Mussolini actions Encouraged: Italians to have more children
Raise taxes for single men
Open job for women
Fascists Slogan: “Believe! Obey! Fight!”
Fascists goal: Control the Mediterranean World

11. Fascist Italy Aggression
October 3, 1935 Italy invaded Ethiopia
Emperor Haile Selassie protested to the League of Nations
League of Nations’ Action-
Labeled Italy an “Aggressor”
Boycott of Italian goods
Boycott failed

12. Rome-Berlin Axis Agreement 1936
“Pact of Steel”--Signed by Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini on May 22, 1939

14. Other event unfolds leading to WW2
The Spanish Civil War ( ), Rhineland (1936), Austria (1937), Czechoslovakia (1938), and Albania (1939)

15. Benito Mussolini