2. Biosynthesis of Macromolecules
Anabolism - use energy (ATP) from catabolism
- use carbon from sugars, lipids, proteins, or any other carbon source (xenobiotics) to build cellular components

4. Key Intermediates Located in the glycolytic pathway
Ex. Glucose-6-phosphate, pyruvic acid, etc.
Located in the TCA cycle
Ex. Oxaloacetic acid, ketoglutaric acid

5. Central Metabolic pathway
Catabolism and anabolism are interconnected due to amphibolic pathways

8. Lipid Biosynthesis
Fatty acid biosynthesis- Acetyl-CoA--->fatty acid (cell structure)
Poly-ß-hydroxybutyric acid- Acetyl-CoA---> Poly. (storage)
Phospholipid- Glycolytic intermediate---> lipid ( membrane)
Sterols- eukaryotic cell membrane

10. Amino Acid Biosynthesis
Amination – addition of an amine group (N containing) to a critical intermediate
Transamination - new amino acids are made from the amine group from old amino acids

12. Nucleotide Biosynthesis
N molecule (amino acid), five carbon sugar, phosphate combine =>nucleotides (DNA, RNA)
Five carbon sugar
Pryrimidines- cytosine, thymine
Purines- adenine, guanine

14. Polysaccharide Biosynthesis
Peptidoglycan- Glycolytic intermediates, nucleotides --->PEG
Lipopolysaccharide- Glycolytic intermediates, other sugars ---> LPS, teichoic acid, mycolic acid, glycogen, etc.

16. Photosynthetic microbes
Carbon dioxide fixation
Inorganic CO2 is incorporated into the cellular structure (Calvin cycle)

18. Metabolic diversity
Different sources of carbon and energy exist for various microbes, plants, and animals.

19. Metabolic diversity Four main groups of microbes 1.) chemoheterotrophs
2.) chemoautotrophs
3.) photoautotrophs
4.) photoheterophs

20. Chemoheterotrophs
Many medically important microbes are in this category (E. coli, B. anthrasis, etc.)
Carbon source = organic molecules (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, xenobiotics)
Energy source=organic molecules (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, xenobiotics)

21. Chemoautotroph Many soil microbes
Source of carbon = inorganic molecule (ex. CO2)
Source of energy = electrons from inorganic compounds (ex. S, H2S, NO2)

22. Photoautotroph Photosynthesis (green sulfur bacteria, etc.)
Source of carbon = CO2
Source of energy = light

23. Photoheterotroph photosynthesis (green nonsulfur bacteria, etc.)
Source of carbon = organic molecule ( ex. Fatty acids, alcohol, etc.)
Source of energy = light

24. Summary of Anabolism Use ATP (energy) from catabolism for biosynthesis
Build small molecules into larger molecules or cell structures (ex. Glucose, amino acids, fatty acids=>lipid, PG)
Diversity of metabolic systems (chemoheterotrophs, etc.)
Cell division (binary fission)=anabolism

25. Catabolism and anabolism are integrated
(amphibolic pathways)