1. Systems

2. Systems  Systems are networks of interactions among interdependent components.  It is an organized group of related objects or components that form a whole.  Systems have  boundaries,  components,  resources flow (input and output),  and feedback.

3. Systems  You deal with systems in everyday life.

4. Systems  With your tablemate write down 3 more systems on your noteblanks and be prepared to share.  Some systems we will discuss in this class include:  -Biological and chemical systems that recycle nutrients  -Ecosystems where living and nonliving factors interact.  -Social systems  -Value systems  -Economic systems

5. Systems  Remember the next few slides and we will compile the information on a chart in your notes.

6. Open Systems  Systems can be closed, open, or isolated.  Open systems contain matter, energy, or information that is exchanged between parts of the system and external sources.

7. Open systems  Gaia is an example of an open system  The earth is a planet sized organism with the atmosphere as its organ that regulates it and connects all its parts.

8. Closed System  Closed systems exchange energy but not matter (does not naturally occur).  Eg.  Submarine  Ecosphere  Bioshpere 2  Water and nitrogen cycles approximate to closed systems

9. Isolated Systems  Isolated systems  Exchange neither matter nor energy.  No such system exists (with the possible exception of the entire cosmos).

10. System Comparisons SystemEnergy Exchanged Matter exchanged Examples Open Closed Isolated

11. Closed or open?

12. Closed or Open?

13. Closed or open?

14. Emergent Properties (synergy)  Emergent properties are characteristics of a whole system that are greater than the sum of the system’s part  Eg. Human consist of tissues, organs and metabolic reactions, but they can sing, dance, produce ideas and art, etc. All these properties emerge because humans function as a system

15. Flows and Storages  Flows consist of inputs and outputs  Inputs are matter and/or energy coming into a system  Eg. ???  Outputs are matter and/or energy leaving a system  Eg. ???  Storages (stocks)-the accumulation of matter in a system  Eg. A carbon atom in the carbon cycle

16. Example of storage diagram—Carbon Cycle  Let’s practice transfersandtransformations

17. Transfer and Transformation Processes  Transfers normally flow through a system and involve a change in location.  Example: water runoff, dead organic matter entering a lake  Transformations lead to an interaction within a system in the formation of a new end product or involve a change of state.  Example: Evaporation, decomposition of dead organic matter.

18. Transfer and Transformation in the Water Cycle Recreate this picture on your white board. 1.Draw arrows to represent input and output quantities 2.boxes for storages, 3.label the input/output arrows with whether you think water is being transferred or transformed.