1. Curvature Wavefront Sensor Arbitrary Waveform Generator Kenyan Kawauchi Subaru Telescope (NAOJ) Mentor: Stephen Colley

2. Subaru Adaptive Optics Earth’s atmosphere distorts light Telescope images blurred Removes effects of atmospheric distortion Image resolution improved Without AOWith AO

3. AO System Components

4. Wavefront Sensor Visible light reflects off one side of membrane Measure light intensity APDs count photons in each lenslet Calculate wavefront phase shift

5. What vibrates membrane? Other side of membrane

6. Problem

7. Solution Design your own AWG! Use DAC40 board Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) Digital-to-Analog Converters (DACs)

8. AWG Specification Range of period – 100 Hz to 4 kHz Range of period – 100 Hz to 4 kHz Number of points – 1000 Number of points – 1000 Voltage resolution – 14 bits (DAC40 DACs) Voltage resolution – 14 bits (DAC40 DACs) Update rate for new waveforms – 0.1 seconds (10 Hz) Update rate for new waveforms – 0.1 seconds (10 Hz) Voltage Amplitude Time

9. Logic Block Diagram AWG TimingMemory AB

10. Implement using Quartus II

11. Design Flow Design Entry (VHDL) CompilationSimulation Program Device

12. Simulate Design Design Entry (VHDL) CompilationSimulation Program Device

13. Conclusion Dual-stroke waveform concept Efficient – Only 1 wavefront sensor Efficient – Only 1 wavefront sensor Astronomical objects appear 2.5X brighter Astronomical objects appear 2.5X brighter In the Future - Interface DAC40 to oscilloscope - Test AWG - Implement in next generation AO system

14. Acknowledgements Stephen Colley Stephen Colley Olivier Guyon – Subaru Astronomer Olivier Guyon – Subaru Astronomer Hideki Takami – AO Project Manager Hideki Takami – AO Project Manager Subaru Telescope (NAOJ) Subaru Telescope (NAOJ) Center for Adaptive Optics Center for Adaptive Optics Funding provided through the Center for Adaptive Optics, a National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center (STC), AST-987683 Funding provided through the Center for Adaptive Optics, a National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center (STC), AST-987683