1. 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 Organisms and Their Relationships Flow of Energy in an Ecosystem Cycling of Matter Vocabulary Actual Test Questions

2. The scientific discipline in which the relationships among living organisms and the interaction the organisms have with their environments are studied

3. Ecology

4. The portion of Earth that supports life

5. Biosphere

6. The living factors in an organism’s environment

7. Biotic

8. Individual organisms of a single species that share the same geographic location at the same time

9. Population

10. A biological community and all of the abiotic factors that affect it

11. Ecosystem

12. An organism that gets its energy requirements by consuming other organisms

13. Heterotroph

14. A heterotroph that eats only plants

15. Herbivore

16. An organism that eats fragments of dead matter in an ecosystem, return nutrients to the soil, air and water where nutrients can be reused by organisms

17. Detritivore

18. A model representing the many interconnected food chains

19. Food Web

20. A diagram that can show the relative amounts of energy, biomass, or numbers of organisms at each trophic level in an ecosystem

21. Ecological Pyramid

22. Anything that has mass or takes up space

23. Matter

24. The process of capture and conversion of nitrogen into a form that is useable by plants

25. Nitrogen Fixation

26. The name of the cycle that affects climate change

27. Carbon and Oxygen

28. A chemical substance that an organism must obtain from its environment to sustain life and undergo life processes

29. Nutrient

30. The process of converting fixed nitrogen compounds back into nitrogen gas, which returns it to the atmosphere

31. Denitrification

32. Organisms that eat both plants and animals

33. Omnivores

34. A symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits at the expense of another organism

35. Parasitism

36. Each step in a food chain or a food web

37. Trophic Level

38. The act of one organism consuming another organism for food

39. Predation

40. A group of interacting populations that occupy the same geographic area at the same time

41. Biological Community

42. Organisms with overlapping niches probably have which type of relationship? A. commensal B. competitive C. mutualistic D. parasitic

43. B. competitive

44. Which organisms perform cellular respiration? A. Plants B. Animals C. Neither Plants nor Animals D. Both Plants and Animals

45. D. Both Plants and Animals

46. To explain and show how the amount of living material at each trophic level of a food chain changes, you could use a pyramid of __________________

47. Biomass

48. Cougars and predators that often eat weakened or diseased animals. This is a description of the ___________ of cougars. A. habitat B. community C. Niche D. none of these

49. C. Niche

50. How long are food chains? A. four steps long B. three steps long C. it varies with day length D. it varies with ecosystem

51. D. it varies with ecosystem