1. From Mind to Brain Machine The Architecture of Cognition David Davenport Computer Eng. Dept., Bilkent University, 06533 Ankara – Turkey. email: david@bilkent.edu.tr http://www.cs.bilkent.edu.tr/~david

2. Introduction Mind conscious, aware, feeling, understanding, emotional, intelligent… & Brain blob of gray matter, chemicals… How do they work? Ask, Why Minds? Map solution space Look at plausible alternatives

3. What Purpose Do Minds Serve? Physical basis Evolution produced brains Why? homeostasis Maintain mental model of environment Simulation, multi-level, decoupled Include other agents & itself! External representations Label model “I” or “me” Talking to ourselves Greater capacity, longer term, … more successful?

4. Implementing Minds Represent, store, & manipulate info. Computationalism Physical Symbol System Intensionality? Symbol Grounding “If, in principle, syntactic relations can be made to parallel semantic relations, and if, in principle, you could have mechanisms whose operations on formulas are sensitive to their syntax, then it may be possible to construct a syntactically driven machine whose state transitions satisfy semantical criteria of coherence.” {Fodor & Pylyshyn}

5. Implementing Minds (2) Alternatives ANN’s, Hybrid, Recurrent ANN’s & Dynamical systems? Computation (modeling) “Abstract spec. of causal structure…” Representation Observer-relative Prediction - meaning for the agent

6. Implementing Brains Symbolic vs. ANN Both computational & use same technology Difference? Copy vs. link storage Conjunction vs. disjunction Require Active/inactive, in/out of construction

7. Recognition, expectations, anticipation decision, record cycle interaction Possibilities Combining computations Feedback loops or activation states Sequences Feedback, delays or inhibition View-based or generative models Generating expectations Decoupling Alternatives

8. Alternatives (2) Language understanding Word – object Sentence pattern - situation

9. Concluding Remarks Brain too complex without “blueprint” Ask function, Enumerate solutions, (Re)-Examine evidence Too much information! Need Theory – (thinner textbooks) More Interdisciplinary? Brain is “dirty” (multiple solutions) the mystery of cognition remains