1. Ch. 16.1 What is weather?

2. Weather is The state of the atmosphere at a specific time and place Sun provides almost all of Earth’s energy

3. Air Temperature The measure of the average amount of motion of molecules  When temperature is cold molecules move slow  When temperature is hot molecules move fast River Example Warm=Fast Cold=Slow

4. Wind Wind is air moving in a specific direction  Named for the direction it is coming from Ex. Air that moves from west to east is called a west wind.  Wind moves from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure

5. Measuring Wind Wind direction is measured using a weather vane. Wind speed is measured using an anemometer. Wind socks measure both speed and direction.

6. Humidity Amount of water vapor present in the air.  Warm air holds more water vapor.  Cold air holds less water vapor.

7. Relative Humidity A measure of the amount of water vapor present in the air compared to the amount needed for saturation at a specific temperature.  Saturation is a state in which something is completely soaked with liquid.  Relative humidity is always described as a percent.

8. Dew Point The temperature at which the air is saturated and condensation forms.  Dew point occurs when the air can’t hold any more water vapor.  Measured in degrees  At 0°C, frost may form This dew Not this

9. Forming Clouds Clouds are formed when warm air is forced upward, expands, and cools. Water vapor condenses into tiny droplets on small particles such as dust and salt in the atmosphere. Billions of these droplets form a cloud.

10. Stratus Clouds Form layers, or smooth even sheets in the sky Fog is an example of a stratus cloud

11. Cumulus Clouds Puffy, white clouds, with flat bases Cumulus clouds look like cotton balls

12. Cirrus Clouds Cirrus clouds are thin, white feathery clouds made of ice crystals Cirrus clouds occur at higher elevations in the troposphere Cirrus clouds can indicate approaching storms

13. Prefixes of Cloud Names Cirro- describes clouds at high a elevation Alto- describes middle elevation clouds Strato- describes clouds at low elevation Example: Cirrostratus are smooth clouds at high elevations of the troposphere.

14. Precipitation Clouds associated with rain or snow often have the term Nimbus attached to them. Example: Cumulonimbus clouds produce thunderstorms. Example: Nimbostratus clouds are layered clouds that can produce long, steady, rainfall or snow.

15. Rain Rain occurs when warm air rises, cools, condenses The dew point is reached, the air becomes saturated and water droplets fall from the clouds.

16. Snow Snow occurs when the air temperature is below freezing. Water droplets freeze and fall as snowflakes.

17. Sleet Sleet forms when the water droplets fall and freeze before they reach the surface of the Earth. The temperature of the clouds are above freezing. The temperature close to the Earth surface is below freezing.

18. Hail Hail forms in high level clouds where the temperature is below freezing. The water droplets in the clouds freezes. The surface temperature of the Earth is above freezing.