1. We will have a quiz over this material next Thursday, April 15. Yes, I know you have a project due that day. The quiz will not be long and there will be no pictures to memorize. Urinary System Anatomy

2. The functions of the urinary system are: 1. Excretion of toxins and wastes 2. Regulating levels of chemicals in the blood 3. Maintaining water balance 4. Helping to regulate blood pressure What does the urinary system do?

3. The parts of the urinary system are: 1. The kidneys 2. The ureters 3. The urinary bladder 4. The urethra What are the parts of the urinary system?

4. The kidneys are the organs that filter the blood and make urine. What are the kidneys?

5. The kidneys are located in the abdominal cavity. This picture shows what they look like from the front, but they are located posterior to the intestines. Where are the kidneys?

6. Kidneys on CT

7. Kidneys on US

8. Kidneys in Nuclear Medicine

9. What’s inside the kidneys?

10. The production of urine is a three-step process. 1. Filtration 2. Reabsorption 3. Secretion These take place in the nephrons, which are microscopic units of the kidneys. How do the kidneys make urine?

11. Filtration is caused by glomerular blood pressure changes. Filtration

12. This pressure causes water & dissolved substances to filter out of the glomerulus into Bowman’s capsule. In more detail…

13. Reabsorption is the movement of substances OUT of renal tubules and INTO the peritubular capillaries Reabsorption

14. Secretion is the movement of substances into the urine from the blood in the peritubular capillaries Secretion

15. The ureters are the tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder. What about the ureters?

16. The bladder is a reservoir for storing urine. Voiding is the process of releasing urine from the bladder. What does the bladder do?

17. The urethra transports urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. In men the urinary and reproductive systems share the same tube within the penis. In women it is only part of the urinary system. What does the urethra do?

18. Micturition is another name for urination or voiding. Micturition

19. Urinalysis is the examination of the physical, chemical, and microscopic characteristics of urine and may help diagnose medical problems You’ve known about urine for years, but did you know…

20. In normal urine these can be found: Mineral ions such as sodium, potassium, & chlorine Ammonia, creatinine, urea, and uric acid Bacteria, blood cells What’s in urine?

21. In abnormal urine these can be found: Acetone Albumin Bile Glucose Uh, oh.

22. The pH is the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution. The normal pH range of urine is 4.6 to 8.0. A pH over 7.0 indicates alkalinity. What? The pH?