3. 50,000 B.C.1Hunter-gatherer Societies 8,000 B.C.5Agricultural Revolution 1,000 B.C.50 1 A.D.170 1000 A.D.254 1250 A.D.400Black Plague 1300 A.D.360 1350 A.D.443Black Plague 1400 A.D.350 1600 A.D.545Black Plague 1650 A.D.470 1700 A.D.600Industrial Revolution in Europe 1800 A.D.813Industrial Revolution in US, Irish Potato 1900 A.D.1,550 1950 A.D.2,400Contraceptive Pill, Great Famine of C 2000 A.D.6,000

4. 1 billion1804 2 billion1927 (123 years later) 3 billion1960 (33 years later) 4 billion1974 (14 years later) 5 billion1987 (13 years later) 6 billion1999 (12 years later) 7 billion 2011 (12 years later)

5.  The ability to expand into diverse new habitats and different climate zones.  The emergence of early and modern agriculture  Development of sanitation systems, antibiotics, and vaccines

6.  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4BbkQiQ yaYc&safe=active http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4BbkQiQ yaYc&safe=active  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VcSX4ytE fcE&safe=active http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VcSX4ytE fcE&safe=active

7.  http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/popclockwo rld.html http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/popclockwo rld.html

8.  What do you think the top 10 most populated countries are?

9. RANKCOUNTRY OR AREAPOPULATION  1China1,351,000,000  2India1,237,000,000  3United States 316,000,000  4Indonesia 245,613,043  5Brazil 203,429,773  6Pakistan 187,342,721  7Bangladesh 158,570,535  8Nigeria 155,215,573  9Russia 138,739,892  10Japan 126,475,664

10.  Rapid Growth: Guatemala, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia  Slow Growth: U.S., Australia, China  Stable: Italy, Greece  Declining: Germany, Bulgaria, Russia, Japan ** In 2050, expected to have somewhere between 7.8-10.7 billion people

11.  Developing countries are growing much faster than developed countries  Some countries more dense than others

13. Carrying Capacity hotly debated, some say we’ve reached it, and we are in a reproductive time lag. Some say we still have some room to grow. Some say it is limitless. CARRYING CAPACITY (c.c.)  Maximum c.c. of humans on Earth 9-10 billion  Doubling time 42-50 years Using a moderate “business as usual” model with slow, steady growth of economies and populations, U.N. estimates demand will be 2X Earth’s capacity by: 2050

14.  The number of births or deaths per 1,000 people per year.

15.  Percent annual population growth (r) = (birth rate – death rate) / 10  Doubling Time (in years) = 70 / (r) **** DO NOT CHANGE r into a decimal!!!!!!!

16.  The average number of children that couples in a population must bear to replace themselves.  2.1 in developed countries  2.5 in developing countries http://overpopulationisamyth.com/2-point-1- kids-a-stable-population

17.  Does reaching replacement-level fertility bring an immediate halt to population growth?  If we reached replacement-level fertility rates, population growth would not stop for roughly another 50 years. Can anyone explain this to me?

19.  The average number of children born to women in a population during their reproductive years.  Good News: TFR has been declining  2008: 2.5 (2.8 in developing, 1.6 developed)

20.  Baby boom: 1946-1964 (TFR 3.7)  In 2008, TFR was 2.1 (1.9 now)  Most TFRs in developed countries are much lower than this (Ex. China is 1.6)  Why is this bad news for the environment? Very high per capita resource use in U.S., so not so good when you increase population.

21. 1. Importance of children in labor force 2. Cost of raising and educating children 3. Availability of pension 4. Urbanization 5. Infant Mortality Rate 6. Educational and Employment Opportunities for Women 7. Average Age at Marriage 8. Availability of Abortions and Birth Control 9. Morals

22.  Higher in developing countries

23.  Cost higher in developed countries so they have lower birth rates  $290,000 in U.S.

24.  Good pension systems reduce the need to have children

25.  Urban areas have better access to family planning services and tend to have fewer children.  Rural areas require more children to work in the fields

26.  Better educated women get married later and have fewer children

27.  Infant Mortality Rate: the number of children per 1,000 live births who die before one year of age.  Places with lower IMR, fewer children

28.  Women who have their first child after age 25, tend to have fewer children

29.  Legal abortions and more access to birth control decrease the number of children one has

30.  Religious beliefs, traditions, and cultural norms

31.  Two useful indicators: 1. Life expectancy (LE) 2. Infant mortality rate Life Expectancy: the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live

32.  78 years (2008)  Lack of health care insurance  Obesity

33.  6.6 (2008)  Inadequate health care for poor women  Drug addiction  High birth rate among teenagers

34.  Blue = prereproductive  Green= reproductive  Pink= postreproductive

36.  Nearly 28% of the people on the planet were under 15 years old in 2008.  Soon they will be moving into their reproductive years  You know what that means…

37.  Population growth much higher in developing nations  Most of the world’s population growth in the future will come from developing nations.

39. Occurs when countries become industrialized. 1) Death rates decline 2) Birth rates decline Takes place in 4 stages

40. Population grows very slowly because of a high birth rate and a high death rate. Ex) Sub-Saharan Africa (not including SA)

42. Population grows rapidly because birth rates are high and death rates drop because of improved food production and health Ex) Yemen, Afghanistan, Bhutan

44. Population growth slows as both birth and death rates drop because of improved food production, health, and education. Ex) Mexico,Jamaica, Costa Rica

46. Population growth levels off and then declines as birth rates equal and then fall below death rates. Ex) US, South Korea, China, Canada, Europe

48. 1) Family Planning 2) Reduce Poverty 3) Empower Women

49.  How many children to have and when to have them.  Information of birth spacing, birth control, and health care.  Very effective. Why is it so effective? Knowledge and contraceptives!

50.  Responsible for at least 55% of the drop in total fertility rates in developing countries Ex) Thailand used family planning to cut its annual population growth rate from 3.2% to 0.5%.

51. 1. Unplanned births still very high 2. Cannot get access to family planning even if they want it

52.  United Nations held conference on population in Egypt.  Stabilize the world’s population at 7.8 billion by 2050 instead of the projected 9.2 billion.

53. Women who…  Are Educated  Hold a job  Live where women’s rights are not suppressed …Have fewer children

54.  Women account for 2/3 of all hours worked, but receive only 10% of the world’s income and own less than 2% of the world’s land.  900 million girls do not attend elementary school  Women who cannot read: 5-7 children  Women who can read: 2 or fewer children

55.  China  India

56.  Baby boomers make up half of all adult Americans  They have control! The dominate demands for goods and services, important roles in deciding who gets elected, and what laws are passed.  But soon they will be getting old……. and they may drain our social security benefits.

57.  If decline happens too quickly, you will not have a workforce to support your elders Ex) Japan: has the world’s highest proportion of elderly people and the lowest proportion of young people.