2. Decision Making and Judging zRepresentativeness Heuristic yrule of thumb for judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes ymay lead one to ignore other relevant information

3. Decision Making and Judging zAvailability Heuristic yestimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory yif instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are common yExample: airplane crash

4. Decision Making and Judging zOverconfidence ytendency to be more confident than correct ytendency to overestimate the accuracy of one’s beliefs and judgements

5. Decision Making and Judging zFraming ythe way an issue is posed yhow an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgements yExample: What is the best way to market ground beef- As 25% fat or 75% lean?

6. Decision Making and Judging zBelief Bias ythe tendency for one’s preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning ysometimes by making invalid conclusions seem valid, or valid conclusions seem invalid zBelief Perseverance yclinging to one’s initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited

7. Artificial Intelligence zArtificial Intelligence ydesigning and programming computer systems xto do intelligent things xto simulate human thought processes intuitive reasoning learning understanding language

8. Artificial Intelligence zArtificial Intelligence yincludes practical applications xchess playing xindustrial robots xexpert systems yefforts to model human thinking inspired by our current understanding of how the brain works

9. Artificial Intelligence zNeural Networks ycomputer circuits that mimic the brain’s interconnected neural cells yperforming tasks xlearning to recognize visual patterns xlearning to recognize smells