1. Cellular Reproduction
* Bacterial Cells
1. Binary Fission
* Eukaryotic Cells
1. Mitosis
produces 2 daughter cells, genetically identical to
parent.
2. Meiosis
produces 4 daughter cells, each with half the genetic material of the parent. Produces gametes (i.e. eggs
and sperm)

2. Binary Fission

3. Mitotic Cell Division Functions
Development
Differential expression of genes in daughter cells
Allows for specialization of groups of cells in multi-cellular organisms
Growth
Organisms can grow to adult size
Maintenance and Repair
Organisms can replace old or damaged cells

4. Sexual Versus Asexual Reproduction
Asexual reproduction uses mitosis
Produces daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parents
The daughter cells are diploid
Allows for formation of clones
Sexual reproduction uses meiosis
Produces gametes (i.e. eggs and sperm) with half the genetic
material of the parent.
The daughter cells are haploid

5. Sexual Versus Asexual Reproduction
Why did sexual reproduction evolve?
Increase in genetic variation
At least some of the offspring will be able to deal with changing environment
At least some of the offspring may be able to find new niches for existence
Some organisms have both sexual and asexual reproduction. When would they use one versus the other?
Sexual during stress or times of environmental change
Asexual during stable conditions
Why?

6. The Cell Cycle

10. Division and cytokinesis in animals
Division and cytokinesis in plants

14. Note that in mitosis, all chromosomes line up
in the center of the cells. The division will
separate the sister chromatids.
Note that in meiosis I, homologous pairs of
chromosomes line up together. This first
division will NOT separate the sister
chromatids, just the homologous chromosomes.

15. In meiosis, the lining up of homologous
chromosomes allows for crossing over (i.e.
exchange of genetic information between
the homologous chromosomes).
Crossing over* and Random alignment of
homologous pairs of chromosomes* combine
with random mutations (which is also found
in mitosis) to create the higher genetic
variability associated with sexual
reproduction.

16. Random alignment of chromosomes in meisis

17. Review Mitosis and Meiosis