2. Slide 2-1 Chapter 2 Terms Information Systems in Organizations Introduction to Information Systems Judith C. Simon

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4. Slide 2-3 Chapter 2 Terms Review ä Accounting/financial information system: ways in which money is received and spent by an organization ways in which money is received and spent by an organization ä Batch processing system: processing of a group (batch) of data at one time rather than as each item is entered into the system processing of a group (batch) of data at one time rather than as each item is entered into the system ä Cross-functional relationship: system that links data from multiple business functions to provide better information system that links data from multiple business functions to provide better information

5. Slide 2-4 Chapter 2 Terms Review ä Demand chain: process of responding to customer demands for products and services process of responding to customer demands for products and services ä Domestic organization: business activities occur only within the organization’s home country business activities occur only within the organization’s home country ä Electronic data interchange (EDI): technology used for just-in-time inventory monitoring technology used for just-in-time inventory monitoring

6. Slide 2-5 Chapter 2 Terms Review ä Enterprise resource planning (ERP): software that helps to manage and coordinate the cross- functional operations of a business software that helps to manage and coordinate the cross- functional operations of a business ä Ethics: appropriate behavior, such as professional standards of conduct in business professions appropriate behavior, such as professional standards of conduct in business professions ä Global organization: business organizational design in which the whole world is considered equally when decisions are made, without preferential regard to the location of the home office business organizational design in which the whole world is considered equally when decisions are made, without preferential regard to the location of the home office

7. Slide 2-6 Chapter 2 Terms Review ä Global village: a reference to the ease with which people in one country can communicate with people in other countries worldwide, as if they all resided in the same village a reference to the ease with which people in one country can communicate with people in other countries worldwide, as if they all resided in the same village ä Human resources information system: an organization’s employee information, including personal data and job records an organization’s employee information, including personal data and job records

8. Slide 2-7 Chapter 2 Terms Review ä Information reporting system: form of management information system in which pre- designed reports are prepared regularly about business operations, primarily for planning and control purposes form of management information system in which pre- designed reports are prepared regularly about business operations, primarily for planning and control purposes ä International organization: business organizational design in which major decisions are made in the home country, although some operations occur in other countries business organizational design in which major decisions are made in the home country, although some operations occur in other countries ä Just-in-time (JIT) inventory: system of monitoring inventory levels so that products or materials arrive as they are needed system of monitoring inventory levels so that products or materials arrive as they are needed

9. Slide 2-8 Chapter 2 Terms Review ä Management information system (MIS): general reference to a system that provides some type of business information to managers for use in making decisions general reference to a system that provides some type of business information to managers for use in making decisions ä Marketing/sales information system: an organization’s methods and results related to selling its products and services an organization’s methods and results related to selling its products and services ä Multinational organization: business organizational design in which operations occur in more than one country, with separate, independent management in each country business organizational design in which operations occur in more than one country, with separate, independent management in each country

10. Slide 2-9 Chapter 2 Terms Review ä Online analytical processing tools (OLAP): system designed to analyze specified online or “real-time” data system designed to analyze specified online or “real-time” data ä Online (real-time) transaction processing system (OLTP): processing of data occurs immediately upon entry into the system processing of data occurs immediately upon entry into the system ä Operational decisions: lower-management decisions related to day-to-day operations lower-management decisions related to day-to-day operations

11. Slide 2-10 Chapter 2 Terms Review ä Production/operations information system: an organization’s main business activities, such as the types of products or services created during a specific time an organization’s main business activities, such as the types of products or services created during a specific time ä Semistructured report: a type of report in which only a part of the needed information can be predicted and designed in advance a type of report in which only a part of the needed information can be predicted and designed in advance ä Social issues: concerns about the quality of human life concerns about the quality of human life ä Strategic decisions: upper-management decisions that involve long-range planning and consideration of external as well as internal factors upper-management decisions that involve long-range planning and consideration of external as well as internal factors

12. Slide 2-11 Chapter 2 Terms Review ä Structured report: a type of report that contains standard business information and can be designed in advance a type of report that contains standard business information and can be designed in advance ä Supply chain: sequence of activities and groups involved in the overall process of delivering products and services to a customer sequence of activities and groups involved in the overall process of delivering products and services to a customer ä Tactical decisions: middle-management decisions that involve conversion of top management’s long-range desires into near-term (such as monthly) action plans to be provided to operational management middle-management decisions that involve conversion of top management’s long-range desires into near-term (such as monthly) action plans to be provided to operational management

13. Slide 2-12 Chapter 2 Terms Review ä Transaction: any business activity, such as a purchase of office supplies or the sale of a product to a customer any business activity, such as a purchase of office supplies or the sale of a product to a customer ä Transaction processing system: a system that keeps records of all aspects of an organization’s primary business operations a system that keeps records of all aspects of an organization’s primary business operations ä Transnational organization: business organizational design in which global needs are combined with local needs to take advantage of some aspects of global as well as local operations

14. Slide 2-13 Chapter 2 Terms Review ä Unstructured report: a type of report that is not routine in nature and therefore cannot be designed in advance ä Value chain: the overall value-adding activities from the demand chain through the supply chain (handling all aspects of supply of and demand for a product or service)

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