1. 1 Unit 5 Working World

2. 2 Over the next few weeks … We are going to be looking at the world of work In particular we will look at Manufacturing industry Where you find it and why? How the countries where it is carried out are changing and why. TNCtn c The influence of big international companies (or TNCs – transnational corporations) are having on the world as a whole.

3. 3 But for today we are going to classify economic activity into groups

4. 4 Introduction Production needs raw materials and we all need a variety of services. Food production (farming) and the production of manufactured goods are very important. These are all classified as different kinds of economic activity or industries. Industries are classified according to the type of jobs the majority of people who work for them do.

5. 5 Industry is the sector of the economy concerned with the production of goods and services.

6. 6 Industry has 4 sectors... PrimarySecondary Tertiary Quaternary Click an image to learn more about each sector. Click here to move on

7. 7 The primary sector of industry is also called extraction. It generally involves changing natural resources into primary products. Most products from this sector are considered raw materials for other industries. Major businesses in this sector include agriculture, fishing, forestry and all mining and quarrying industries Primary industry is a larger sector in developing countries; for instance, animal husbandry is more common in Africa than in Japan. PRIMARY INDUSTRY

8. 8 The secondary sector (manufacturing) produces finished, usable products. This sector of industry generally takes the output of the primary sector and manufactures finished goods or where they are suitable for use by other businesses, for export, or sale to domestic consumers. * Aerospace manufacturing * Automobile manufacturing * Brewing industry * Chemical industry * Clothing industry * Electronics * Engineering * Energy industries * Metalworking * Steel production * Software engineering * Telecommunications Industry * Tobacco industry This sector is often divided into light industry and heavy industry. SECONDARY INDUSTRY

9. 9 The tertiary sector of industry is also known as the service sector or the service industry. It involves the provision of services to businesses as well as final consumers. Services may involve the transport, distribution and sale of goods from producer to a consumer, or may involve the provision of a service, such as in pest control or entertainment. * News media * Leisure industry/hotels * Consulting * Healthcare/ hospitals * Waste disposal * Real estate * Business services Goods may be transformed in the process of providing a service, as happens in the restaurant industry or in equipment repair. However, the focus is on people interacting with people and serving the customer rather than transforming physical goods TERTIARY INDUSTRY

10. 10 Industrial research looks for new ways to cut costs, find new markets, produce new ideas, new production methods and methods of manufacture. QUATERNARY INDUSTRY

11. 11 The 4 Sectors of Industry are interrelated. An individual industry will often use more than one sector in order to produce products. On the next slide we will see an example of how the four sectors relate together in the production of cotton clothes, part of the fashion industry.

12. 12 PRIMARY SECONDARY TERTIARY QUATERNARY: Research is carried out in to new ways of processing or growing cotton. e.g. organic cotton. Cotton is grown and picked on a cotton farm Cotton is processed to cloth, which is, in turn, sewn in to clothing. Cotton clothes (eg jeans, shirts etc) are sold in high street shops. COTTON IN THE FASHION INDUSTRY...

13. 13 The entire fashion industry involves a great number of different products and services, all of which can be classified according to industrial sector... Models and fashion shows: tertiary. Leather manufacture in a tannery: secondary A shoe factory in hanoi: secondary Sheep farming and sheering for wool production: primary Cosmetics research: quaternary

14. 14 So which are these do you think?

15. 15 Red is HIC, Orange is MIC, Yellow is LIC What patterns do you notice?

16. 16 In the UK This is how things used to be. What do you notice? Remember, Primary economic activity is not JUST farming. What else is?

17. 17 In the UK What happened between 1800 and 1850? Why do you think this was? 1850

18. 18 In the UK What happened between 1850 and 1900? Why do you think this was?

19. 19 In the UK What happened between 1900 and 1950? Why do you think this was?

20. 20 In the UK What happened between 1950 and 2000? Why do you think this was?

21. 21 In the UK This gap is really short! But even so there have been major changes. What happened? Why?

22. 22 Another way to look at the same pattern What do you notice about each stage?

23. 23 We can see that countries vary in their patterns of employment Now, in the UK, and other HICs, there are far fewer involved in agriculture. Why is that? The number of people involved in secondary industry is also dropping. Why?? The amount of people involved in tertiary industry is rising? Why? And in quaternary industry too. Why?

24. 24 Countries vary in their patterns of employment Which countries do you think still have the majority involved in primary industry? For example? Which countries will be have an increasing numbers in secondary industry? For example? Will these countries have increasing numbers in tertiary and quaternary, do you think?

25. 25 Burma About what year would you put Burma in the UK development scale? [None fit exactly] What changes do you think will take place in Burma in the coming years?

26. 26 Bolivia Bolivia fits between 2 UK charts. Which 2? What does it tell you? Which sectors do you think will get bigger in time? Which smaller?

27. 27 Malaysia This one does not fit the pattern very well! What do you think is happening here? Which sectors do you think will get bigger in time? Which smaller?

28. 28 So in general As countries develop they go through similar stages as the UK has over its history, for the primary and secondary industry, passing roughly through the stages of development At first farming mining and fishing are the most important Then they begin to process their own raw materials and produce goods. Their labour costs are lower so TNCs will open factories in these places as well. What is a TNC? Name one

29. 29 So in general As industrialisation increases, the number of people in farming goes down. This is largely due to mechanisation, which they can now afford. But the main difference between LICs and MICs and Britain through history is that modern countries, regardless of development, have more tertiary employees. This is most down to government (more of it) and also to NGOs working on social projects and the importance placed on health and education in developing countries What is an NGO? Name one

30. 30 Recapping how we use the graphs to explain what is happening and why How important is primary industry? Why? How important is secondary industry why? How important is primary industry why?

31. 31 Recapping how we use the graphs to explain what is happening and why The UK has a low proportion of people working in primary industry. This is partly because of mechanisation. Also, as primary resources have become exhausted (e.g. coal) The UK now imports a considerable amount of its non-renewable resources. The number of people employed in the secondary sector is falling. This is because fewer people are needed to work due to automation. The tertiary sector is the main growth area. Most people work in hospitals, schools, offices and financial services. Also national and local government are big employers As people have more free time and become wealthier there is a greater demand for leisure services. Therefore more jobs become available in the tertiary sector. The low importance of primary production as an occupation and high tertiary activity shows this is a stage 5 economically developed country. This is a LOT – I don’t expect so much from you guys for the homework

32. 32 Homework