1. Higher Human Biology

2.  CVD is responsible for a huge proportion of deaths annually

3. Atherosclerosis  Formation of plaques (atheromas) beneath the endothelium in an artery  Start off as mainly fatty material (cholesterol)  Become enlarged due to collecting fibrous material, calcium and more cholesterol

6.  Larger atheromas can lead to;  Significant reduction in diameter of arteries lumen  Restriction of blood flow to the capillary bed served by that artery  An increase in blood pressure

7.  Large plaques hardened by deposits of calcium cause arterial walls to become thicker and less elastic  “hardening of the arteries”

8.  Symptoms of atherosclerosis come on in later life  Can lead to various cardiovascular diseases;  Coronary heart disease (inc. angina)  Strokes  Heart attacks (myocardial infarctions)

9.  Atherosclerosis can also cause peripheral vascular disease

10.  http://www.nhs.uk/video/Pages/coronary- arteries-and-heart- disease.aspx?searchtype=Tag&searchterm=H eart_vascular__Conditions&offset=17&