2. 15.

3. 10% of the energy is passed on 9, 000 kc 90 kc 900 kc 9 kc

4. Energy Pyramid An energy pyramid is a diagram that shows the amount of energy at each level of a food chain. The bottom of the pyramid shows the producers. The producers hold the most energy in an ecosystem.The bottom of the pyramid shows the producers. The producers hold the most energy in an ecosystem. The upper levels show the consumers.The upper levels show the consumers.

5. Energy Pyramid The shape of the diagram represents two things: –the decrease in the amount of energy moving from producers to primary consumers to secondary consumers to tertiary consumers –the decrease in the number of organisms in an ecosystem as you move up the food chain. »VideoVideo

6. Energy Pyramid

7. 16. The triangular face shows that there are more organisms at the bottom (producers) and fewer organisms as you move up to higher trophic levels. 17. There are multiple faces to show the population sizes and the amount of energy available at each level, and that the amount of energy decreases as you move up to the top.

8. Questions 1.Why is there less energy available to move from one level to the next?

9. 1.The reason there is less energy available from one level to the next is because most (90%) of the energy taken in is used up by organisms to carry out life processes. Only about 10% of the energy taken in is passed on to the next level.

10. 2.Why would an ecosystem have fewer organisms as you move up the food chain? 2.If there is less energy passed on to each level, then there is not enough energy to support a lot of organisms at the higher levels.

11. What happens when populations of organisms increase or decrease dramatically? If a population increases dramatically, the organisms will run out of food and starve. If a population decreases dramatically, the predators will run out of food and starve. Let’s take a look! interface

12. Biomes

13. HOT TEMPERATURE COLD TUNDRA DESERT SAVANNA- Tropical Grasslands TROPICAL RAIN FOREST TEMPERATE GRASSLANDS TAIGA TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS FOREST LOW RAINFALL HIGH

17. coniferous trees with cones and thin, needle-shaped leaves; evergreen trees such as pine, fir, and spruce

18. deciduous trees that have flat leaves that change color and fall off before winter

19. Desert

21. deserts Land covered by rocks or sand. Poor soil. Extreme temperature changes between day and night. 77-120oF Very little rain--receives less than (10 in.) 25 cm of rain each year Some have cold winters, some have cold nighttime temperatures, but they have high daytime temperatures

22. deserts A few plants that are able to store water such as the saguaro cactus and creosote bushes. Animals mainly come out at night Snakes, other reptiles, rodents Owls, hawks, roadrunners Very few large animals. Barren, windblown sand dunes (hot deserts).

23. BiomeLocated nearTemperature (hot, cold, moderate) Rainfall (high, low, moderate, fewer than 10 in./year) Plant and animal species (many, few, most, least) 18. DesertsThe equator Hot days, Cool nights Low, fewer than 10 inches per year Few plant and animal species

24. Tundra

26. tundra Land covered with ice for most of the year made up of permafrost—a layer of permanently frozen soil a cold biome that does not support trees Extremely cold and dry. Ave. temp -10-40oF; ave. rainfall 8 in. (a cold desert)

27. tundra Low grasses and lichens. No/few trees. Fewer species than other biomes. caribou, arctic foxes, snowshoe hares, owls, voles (rodents) Amphibians and reptiles are rare. A cold, treeless plain; Arctic regions The largest biome—covers about 20% of Earth’s land.

28. BiomeLocated nearTemperature (hot, cold, moderate) Rainfall (high, low, moderate, fewer than 10 in./year) Plant and animal species (many, few, most, least) 19. tundraThe polesExtremely cold—the coldest Low--fewer than 10 in./year Fewest plant and animal species—NO TREES

29. Taiga

31. taiga (ty-guh) Land covered by coniferous trees. Long, cold winters with little precipitation, but warmer and wetter summers. Ave. temp. 14-60oF; ave. rainfall 12 in. Plants include evergreen trees such as pine, fir, and spruce (coniferous forests)

32. taiga (ty-guh) Deer, elk, caribou, wolves, moose, black bears, shrews, other rodents, and migratory birds. Some animals migrate to warmer climates in the winter; some hibernate A cold forest of coniferous trees.

33. BiomeLocated nearTemperature (hot, cold, moderate) Rainfall (high, low, moderate, fewer than 10 in./year) Plant and animal species (many, few, most, least) 20. taigaThe tundra (one level down) Cold winters, cool summers Low amounts of rainfall Some plant and animal species— A FOREST OF CONIFER- OUS TREES

34. Temperate Deciduous Forest

36. Land covered by deciduous trees. Moderate temperatures (average 50oF) Abundant rainfall throughout the year. (average 30-60 in.) Four distinct seasons.

37. temperate deciduous forest Mostly deciduous trees such as beech, oak, maple, elm, hickory and some coniferous trees. Animals include earthworms, birds, white- tailed deer, foxes, squirrels, raccoons, etc. Deciduous trees. Georgia is located in this biome.

38. BiomeLocated nearTemperature (hot, cold, moderate) Rainfall (high, low, moderate, fewer than 10 in./year) Plant and animal species (many, few, most, least) 21. Temperate deciduous forest GA! Eastern half of the US is TDF. The central part is temperate grassland. Cold winters, warm summers (4 distinct seasons with temperature variations) Moderate rainfall (all year round) Many plant and animal species

39. Temperate Grasslands

41. temperate grassland Covered with grasses, not trees; found at the same latitude as temperate deciduous forests Not enough rain to support many trees. Ave. temp -40-70oF; ave. rainfall 10-30 in. Grasses such as wheat. Scattered trees. Also called pampas, steppe or veldt.

42. temperate grassland Mostly grazing animals like antelope,, bison/buffalo; also prairie dogs, coyotes skunks, badgers, and songbirds. Called the “Bread baskets of the world” because of the crops grown there. (cereals—wheat, barley, corn) Great Plains in the US/prairie

43. BiomeLocated nearTemperature (hot, cold, moderate) Rainfall (high, low, moderate, fewer than 10 in./year) Plant and animal species (many, few, most, least) 22. Temperate grasslands Central US; same latitude as TDF; called the Breadbasket of the World moderatelow to moderate Many plant and animal species; FEW TREES

44. Tropical Grasslands

45. Savanna

46. tropical grassland or savanna a grassland biome near the equator Warm temperatures (~70o F) Wet and dry seasons Dry 4” of rain, wet 15-25” of rain Grasses, shrubs, and a few trees Animals like zebras, giraffes, wildebeest, gazelles, lions, leopards, elephants Where the zoo animals live. (Lion King)

47. BiomeLocated nearTemperature (hot, cold, moderate) Rainfall (high, low, moderate, fewer than 10 in./year) Plant and animal species (many, few, most, least) 23. Tropical grassland/ savanna The equatorwarmModerate to low (wet and dry seasons) Many plant and animal species; FEW TREES

48. Tropical Rain Forest

49. Tropical Rainforest

51. tropical rain forest Located around or near the equator. Land covered by tall trees and lush plant growth. Warm/hot temperatures year round 68- 93oF high amounts of rain 50-260” Ferns, orchids, and tall (canopy) trees Parrots, snakes, frogs, monkeys, lizards

52. Thousands of species of trees and other plants. Thousands of species of animals: monkeys, frogs, birds, insects, etc. A lot of rain and an astonishing variety of organisms. Produce 40% of Earth’s oxygen

53. BiomeLocated nearTemperature (hot, cold, moderate) Rainfall (high, low, moderate, fewer than 10 in./year) Plant and animal species (many, few, most, least) 24. Tropical rainforest The equatorWarm/hotHigh (highest amount of rainfall) The most plant and animal species

54. HOT TEMPERATURE COLD TUNDRA DESERT SAVANNA- Tropical Grasslands TROPICAL RAIN FOREST TEMPERATE GRASSLANDS TAIGA TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS FOREST LOW RAINFALL HIGH