1. Under the guidance of Assistant Prof. M. P. Gururajan Presented by Karan Oberoi (2008AMD3101) Applied Mechanics Department IIT Delhi

2. Image Courtesy: www.ie.bilkent.edu.tr Requirements: 1.Dimensional Accuracy. 2.Surface Flatness. 3.Minimal Surface Damage.

3. Draft from the Deutsches Museum in Munich, Germany Concept of a face lapping machine by Leonardo da Vinci Image Courtesy: Handbook of Lapping and Polishing

4. Image Courtesy: www.cems.uvm.edu

5. Lapping parameters: 1.Lapping Wheels / Plate 2.Lapping Medium 3.Lapping Abrasives Hard / Soft Slurry, which acts as the tool 5  m diameter alumina powder sample Lapping Water Ground Glass Image courtesy: University of Illinois

6. Two body and three body abrasion Image Courtesy: Handbook of Lapping and Polishing Erosion wear

7. For ductile materials For brittle materials Image Courtesy: Handbook of Lapping and Polishing

8. Deutsches Institut für Normung Surface Lapping Cylindrical Lapping Thread Lapping Profile Lapping

9. Lapping Machine Image Courtesy: www. ctma.ncms.org List of Abrasive Materials. Table Courtesy: South Bay Technology Inc Lapping plate materials for brittle work-pieces: 1.Diamond 2.Cubic boron nitride 3.Silicon carbide 4.Aluminum oxide 5.Corundum Lapping plate materials for ductile work-pieces: 1.Cast iron 2.Copper 3.Tin 4.Lead

10. 1. Scratches on work-piece. 2. Abrasive damage due to grain breakage. 3. Forces developed affect properties of the work-piece surface.

11. High accurate surface geometry Good quality Repeatability Required tolerance achieved No warping of the components No heat generation and thermal damage