1. Climate Change Climate Literacy 101 Session: Mitigation Jennifer Morales August 5 th, 2015

2. Mitigation Climate Change Mitigation refers to efforts to reduce or prevent emission of greenhouse gases. Mitigation can mean using new technologies and renewable energies, making older equipment more energy efficient, or changing management practices or consumer behavior. Climate Change Mitigation – UNEP www.unep.org/climatechange/mitigation

3. Looking Ahead… Where are the emissions coming from?Where are the emissions coming from? What mitigation actions are being taken? What mitigation actions are being taken? What’s DWR’s GHG mitigation plan? What’s DWR’s GHG mitigation plan? The Water-Energy Nexus The Water-Energy Nexus

4. { GLOBAL EMISSIONS

5. *LUCF refers to emissions stemming from land use change and forestry

6. Global GHG Emissions

7. 1992- United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) limit global temperature increases cope with its impacts 1995- countries realized that emission reductions provisions in the Convention were inadequate. strengthened the global response to climate change 1997- adopted the Kyoto Protocol The Kyoto Protocol legally binds developed countries to emission reduction targets Continued negotiations among the 192 signatories amended the Protocol to achieve more ambitious results by 2030. Global GHG Mitigation

8. U.S. – China Climate Change Agreement (2014) U.S. Pledge to reduce GHG’s by ~ 27% below 2005 levels by 2025 China reach peak GHG’s in 2030 & increase non-fossil fuel share of energy to 20% EU pledged to reduce GHG’s by 40% below 1990 levels by 2030 The Three Most Polluting Nations

10. Greenhouse gas emissions in United States Source: US EPA’s Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2013

11. National Program for greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) and fuel economy standards Renewable Fuel Standard Program Transportation/Mobile Sources Carbon Pollution Standards for Power Plants Final Greenhouse Gas Tailoring Rule Timing of Applicability of the PSD Permitting Program to Greenhouse Gases Stationary Sources Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program Emissions Reporting Landfill Air Pollution Standards Oil and Natural Gas Air Pollution Standards Geologic Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide Other Related Actions Federal agencies to factor climate resilience into the design of their international development programs and investments. Obama Climate Action Plan US – Mitigation Efforts

12. Obama Climate Action Plan Cut carbon pollution in the U.S. Prepare the United States for the Impacts of Climate Change Lead International Efforts to Combat Global Climate Change and Prepare for its Impacts

13. California ’s Emission s

14. California’s 2013 GHG Emissions Transportation= 37% Electricity Generation= 20% Industrial = 23% Agriculture = 8% Total California emissions in 2013 was 459.3 MMTCO ₂ e Other = 13%

15. What is CO₂e? There are many greenhouse gases of varying potencies; meaning some have more global warming potential than others. Some example greenhouse gases and their GWP (Global Warming Potential) in CO₂e CO₂e stands for Carbon Dioxide Equivalent GasGlobal Warming Potential (CO₂e -100 year) Carbon Dioxide1 Methane28 Nitrous Oxide298 Hydrofluorocarbons12-14,800 Perfluorocarbons7390-12,200 Sulfur hexafluoride22,800

16. Source: California Air Resources Board http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/inventory/data/graph.htm California – GHG Emissions by Economic Sector

17. 2005 EO S-3-05 Set the first GHG goals for State Agencies 2006 AB 32 Authorized a multi-year program to achieve long- range GHG reductions 2007 SB 97 Added GHG analysis as a requirement to the CEQA process 2013 Cap and Trade Created a carbon market with caps and reduction requirements 2015 EO B-30-15 State agency GHG emissions 40% below 1990 levels by 2030 California Mitigation Legislation

18. Cap-and-Trade Goal is to reduce GHG by putting a cap on emissions that declines 3% every year. Emitters have to purchase additional emission allowances through an auction. The auction proceeds are used to fund GHG reduction programs. -Covers 85% of GHG emissions -All allowances for the current year, and some for future years are being sold -Should provide ~$2.2-2.5 billion

19. Cap-and-Trade Goal is to reduce GHG by putting a cap on emissions that declines 3% every year. Emitters have to purchase additional emission allowances through an auction. The auction proceeds are used to fund GHG reduction programs. -Covers 85% of GHG emissions -All allowances for the current year, and some for future years are being sold -Should provide ~$2.2-2.5 billion Law mandates that 60% of Cap-and-Trade revenue fund the following programs -25% High Speed Rail -20% Affordable Housing and Sustainable Communities (SB 375) -10% Transit and Intercity Rail -5% Low Carbon Transit Operations

20. Emissions and Mitigation Efforts

21. Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Plan- Scope All Operations and Maintenance of the SWP Operations and Maintenance of State Flood Protection Infrastructure DWR Construction Activities Business Activities

22. Annual Greenhouse Gas Emissions How much is a lot? Average car: 6.5 mt CO 2 e

23. Annual Greenhouse Gas Emissions How much is a lot? Average Coal Burning Power Plant : 1,200,000 mt CO 2 e Average car: 6.5 mt CO 2 e

24. Annual Greenhouse Gas Emissions How much is a lot? Average Coal Burning Power Plant : 1,200,000 mt CO 2 e Average car: 6.5 mt CO 2 e DWR Annual Emissions: 2,600,000 mt CO 2 e

25. Annual Greenhouse Gas Emissions How much is a lot? US Emissions: 1,498,000,000 mt CO 2 e Average Coal Burning Power Plant : 1,200,000 mt CO 2 e Average car: 6.5 mt CO 2 e DWR Annual Emissions: 2,600,000 mt CO 2 e

26. Annual Greenhouse Gas Emissions How much is a lot? Worldwide Emissions: 9,100,000,000 mt CO 2 e US Emissions: 1,498,000,000 mt CO 2 e Average Coal Burning Power Plant : 1,200,000 mt CO 2 e Average car: 6.5 mt CO 2 e DWR Annual Emissions: 2,600,000 mt CO 2 e

28. DWR GHG Reduction Goals Reduce GHG emissions by 50% below 1990 levels by 2020 Reduce GHG emissions by 80% below 1990 levels by 2050

29. DWR GHG Reduction Goals Reduce GHG emissions by 50% below 1990 levels by 2020 Reduce GHG emissions by 80% below 1990 levels by 2050

30. DWR GGERP Measures State Emission Reduction Goals

31. DWR GGERP Measures

32. Energy Nexus Water The

33. Energy Consuming Segments of California’s Water-Use Cycle Water-Use Cycle Source Supply & Conveyance Water Treatment Water Distribution Wastewater Treatment Wastewater Collection Recycled Water Treatment Recycled Water Distribution End Use: Agriculture, Residential, commercial, industrial Source Discharge CPUC (2010)

34. Water-Energy Basics

35. Energy for Water

36. Water for Energy Production

37. Water-Energy Basics California Energy Use in the Water Sector

38. Energy Intensity Surface Water Extraction & Conveyance Please turn to pages 24 and 25 in your copy of California Climate Science and Data, 2015.

39. State Water Project Pumping SWP is a large power consumer in California 6-9.6 million MWh consumed per year 40-60% from our own hydropower

40. SWP Generation SWP is one of the largest generators of clean hydropower in CA 4 -7 million MWh generated annually Produces about 14% of California’s hydropower

41. Benefits to the Grid SWP’s off-peak pumping means fewer plants are cycling up and down, reducing the stress on the grid SWP’s off-peak pumping means fewer plants are cycling up and down, reducing the stress on the grid Limitations: Limitations: - Delta restrictions - Water deliveries drive power schedules

42. Take Home Messages Mitigation- reducing GHG emissions that contribute to climate change Mitigation planning is occurring at all levels of government, but statewide and global emissions are still rising as a whole. DWR is currently reducing its emissions and has ambitious plans to continue reducing through the year 2050. Water and energy are dependent on each other; the use of one requires the use of the other.

43. Questions? Jennifer Morales 559_230_3381Jennifer.Morales@water.ca.gov