1. What is Evolutionary Classification?
What criteria do biologists use to classify organisms?

2. What criteria do biologists use to classify organisms?
LEQ
What criteria do biologists use to classify organisms?
(to group, categorize, arrange, sort or cluster)

3. What evidence would you expect to have to support your claim?
According to evolutionary classification which is more closely related a chimpanzee and a human or a koala and a panda?
What evidence would you expect to have to support your claim?

4. Taxa (or “Groups”)
Organisms are classified by the number of characteristics they have in common.
The more characteristics organisms have in common the more taxa they have in common.

5. Traditional Scientific Classification
Panda
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Family: Ursidae
Genus: Ailuropoda
Species: A. melanoleuca
Koala
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Infraclass: Marsupialia
Order: Diprotodontia
Family: Phascolarctidae
Genus: Phascolarctos
Species: P. cinereus

6. Scientific Classification
Chimp
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primates Family: Hominidae Genus: Pan
Species: Pan paniscus
Human
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primates Family: Hominidae Genus: Homo Species: H. sapiens

7. Cladistics
Takes into consideration a number of derived characters, like…
Morphology
DNA or amino acid sequence

8. KEY TERMS
Phylogeny (phyl- meaning “race or distinct type of organism” or group + -gen meaning “producing” i.e. reproducing)
Tribe in which one is born
Cladistics (clade = family group)
System of organizing groups by # of shared traits & their order of appearance (or disappearance)

9. PHYLOGENY
The idea that all organisms are thought to have descended from an ancient common ancestor.
Hypothesized evolutionary paths taken by organisms over long periods of time is depicted by a tree.

10. PHY LOGEN I C TREE

11. CLADISTICS
Grouping organisms into a “clade” (group) that includes an ancestor and all descendants
It’s a hypothesis depicting one possible path of speciation (based on the inheritance of derived traits)

12. CLADOGRAM

13. Characteristics of a Cladogram
Shows order of derived traits (lower branches showed up earlier)
Shows which groups share the same traits
All taxa that are "upstream” from the point where one line becomes two (traced directly to one node) are said to be members of a group
Any two branch tips sharing the same immediate node are most closely related

14. CLADOGRAM Which of these is most unlike the others?
And which trait separates this organism from the others?

15. CLADOGRAM
Derived Characters (+ symbol means the organism does have that feature)
segmented
jaws
hair
placenta
multicellular
limbs
kangaroo + -
earthworm
amoeba
lizard
cat
sponge
salmon

16. CLADOGRAM

17. CLADOGRAM
Derived Characters (+ symbol means the organism does have that feature)
segmented
jaws
hair
placenta
multicellular
limbs
kangaroo + -
earthworm
amoeba
lizard
cat
sponge
salmon

18. CLADOGRAM

19. CLADOGRAM
Derived Characters (+ symbol means the organism does have that feature)
segmented
jaws
hair
placenta
multicellular
limbs
kangaroo + -
earthworm
amoeba
lizard
cat
sponge
salmon

20. CLADOGRAM

21. CLADOGRAM
Derived Characters (+ symbol means the organism does have that feature)
segmented
jaws
hair
placenta
multicellular
limbs
kangaroo + -
earthworm
amoeba
lizard
cat
sponge
salmon

22. CLADOGRAM

23. CLADOGRAM
Derived Characters (+ symbol means the organism does have that feature)
segmented
jaws
hair
placenta
multicellular
limbs
kangaroo + -
earthworm
amoeba
lizard
cat
sponge
salmon

24. CLADOGRAM

25. CLADOGRAM
Derived Characters (+ symbol means the organism does have that feature)
segmented
jaws
hair
placenta
multicellular
limbs
kangaroo + -
earthworm
amoeba
lizard
cat
sponge
salmon

26. CLADOGRAM

27. CLADOGRAM

28. What are the relationships between A, B, C, D, and E?

29. Build A Cladogram

30. SOLUTION