1. MAMMALS

2. There are over 4000 species of mammals. A mammal is a warm-blooded vertebrate that has hair or fur and feeds milk to their young through mammary glands. ▫ The mammary gland is a structure in female mammals that secretes milk. Live in Diverse conditions ▫ Land (Lion) ▫ Air (Bat) ▫ Water (Whale)

3. Characteristics 4- chambered heart ▫Separated by valves that control the flow Lungs Highly developed pair of Kidneys Internal fertilization ▫With internal development ▫Separate sexes Highly developed brain ▫Considered the most intelligent animals ▫Can learn behavior

4. Characteristics Body covered by hair Movable eyelids Secondary Palate (similar to crocodiles) ▫Separates air and food passages Homeothermic (Warm Blooded) ▫Body remains at a constant temperature even though the surrounding environment may change

5. 3 Ways of Classifying Mammals Monotreme- egg-laying mammals Marsupial- pouched mammals ▫Mammal is born underdeveloped and must complete development within the mother pouch Placental- have a placenta ▫A mammal whose young are nourished through a placenta as they develop more fully within the female. ▫A placenta is a structure through which food, oxygen, and wastes are exchanged between the developing mammal and the mother.

6. Teeth 4 types of teeth are seen within all mammals 1)Incisors are chisel shaped teeth used for cutting. 2)Canines are teeth used for tearing 3)Premolars are teeth that grind food 4)Molars are teeth that grind food The number and shape of the teeth depend on the type of food the mammal eats

7. MAMMALS Evolution

8. Classification Class Mammalia ▫Subclass Prototheria (“first wild animal”)  Infraclass Ornithodelphia (egg-laying mammals)  1 order ▫Subclass Theria (“wild animal”)  Infraclass Metatheria (marsupial mammals)  7 orders  Infraclass Eutheria (placental mammals)  18 orders

9. Infraclass Ornithodelphia Egg-laying mammals 1 order (Monotremata) Duck-billed platypus, anteaters, echidnas

10. Duckbill Platypus Duckbilled platypus lives in burrows near lakes or streams and uses its long snout to catch insects, worms, or crustaceans in the water. Has web feet for swimming. Lays eggs the size of marbles. Have mammary glands like all other mammals.

11. Infraclass Metatheria Pouched mammals 7 orders Opossums, koalas, kangaroos, Wallabies ▫The opossum is found in North America. ▫The kangaroo and koala are found in Australia. Marsupial- a mammal who is born underdeveloped and must complete their development in the mother’s pouch. Marsupials develop only a short time in the mothers body (8 days after fertilization). At birth the tiny babies crawl into the mother's pouch to feed from the mammary glands.

12. Kangaroo Koala

13. Opossums

14. Opposum A young opossum spends about 2 months in its mother's pouch before it can be independent.

15. Infraclass Eutheria Placental mammals 18 orders Placenta mammals complete most of their development within the mother's body and are more fully developed at birth than other mammals. ▫Gestation period is the length of time the young spends inside the mother.  few weeks in mice  9 months for humans  18-23 months for elephants

16. We are going to look 12 of the most common groups of mammals

17. 1. Insectivores Eat insects Small, live in underground burrows. Examples: shrews, moles, and hedgehogs. An Echidna is also an insectivore because it eats insects HOWEVER, we are talking about the placental mammals that eat insects.

18. 2. Chiroptera or “Flying mammals” Bats are the only mammal that can fly Wings form from long arms and fingers that are joined by a thin, smooth skin. Flying squirrels don’t really fly they glide. Nocturnal - sleep during day and hunt at night Bats can't see well in the dark, so with their excellent hearing they give off high-pitched sounds that bounce off objects and sends back echoes to the bat. (Echolocation)

19. 3. Endentates or “Toothless mammals” have few or no teeth. Eat insects, worms, or leaves. Ex: anteaters, armadillo, and tree sloths. The armadillo is the only mammal with tough bony plates covering its body.

20. Armadillo

21. 4. Primates Primates is a mammal that has a well-developed brain and has an opposable thumb. An opposable thumb is one that can be placed against each of the other fingers. ▫ (This allows it to grasp objects.) Are the only mammals that can make their own tools. Are the most intelligent mammals. Examples: Humans, Apes, monkeys, Gorillas, baboons

22. 5. Rodentia or “Gnawing Mammals” have 4 sharp incisors (chisel- shaped teeth) for gnawing and cutting. The incisors continue to grow as long as the animal lives ▫ This is helpful because the teeth get worn down when they gnaw on hard materials such as wood. These are the most numerous types of mammals. Examples: Rats, mice, squirrels, beavers, hamsters.

23. 6. Lagomorphs or “Rodent-like mammals” Have incisors like the gnawing mammals but have a small pair of grinding teeth unlike the gnawing mammals. Have well developed hind legs for running and jumping. Herbivores - eat plants. Examples: Rabbits and hares, pikas.

24. 7. Cetacea or “Water dwelling mammals” Adapted to life in the water. Have streamline bodies, and hind limbs are fins or flippers. Have blubber instead of fur They must return to the water's surface to breathe oxygen from the air. ▫They have the nostrils or blowhole on the top of their head. Examples: Whales, dolphins, porpoises. Intelligent and capable of communication with sound called echolocation system. Many show social behaviors.

25. 8. Carnivora or “Flesh eating mammals” Have sharp canine teeth for tearing and shredding meat. Most specialized mammalian hunters. Keen sense of smell Social/Family Behaviors ▫teaching young, protecting and feeding each other Examples: Lions, wolves, bears, dogs, cats, raccoons, tigers, skunk. Male lion Female lioness

26. Skunk Dog Raccoon Badger Cat

27. 9. Pinnipedia Live in cold water habitats but come onto land to copulate and bear young. Limbs less reduced than whales. Very clumsy on land. Feed exclusively on fish ▫Walrus feeds on mollusk Examples: seals, walruses, sea lions

28. 10. Proboscidea or “Trunk-nosed mammals” long trunk, or nose. Elephants are the only species belonging to this order ▫ There are 2 types of elephants, African and Asian elephants. Largest land animals. Males have tusks which are very long incisors. Must feed for as much as 18 hours a day.

29. 11. Perissodactyla or “Odd toed Hoofed Mammals” Have hoofs in the place of toes and nails. Herbivores - plant eaters. Example: rhinoceroses, horses, zebra, giraffe

30. 12. Artiodactyla or “Even Toed Hoofed mammal” Development of ruminant digestive system. some intelligence development of horns, antlers for defense Ex: Deer, sheep, goats, cattle, camels, pigs, hippopotamus