1. Artificial Heart Design & Development
Sawyer Nichols
Biomedical Engineering
University of Rhode Island

2. Learning Objectives Quick Facts Cardiac Anatomy Cardiac Devices
Components
Design Considerations
Products
Limitations

3. Introduction
Cardiovascular disease is the leading global cause of death, accounting for 17.3 million deaths per year, a number that is expected to grow to more than 23.6 million by 2030.
About 2,150 Americans die each day from these diseases, one every 40 seconds.
Cardiovascular diseases claim more lives than all forms of cancer combined.

4. Introducing the Artificial Heart
artificial hearts are typically used to bridge the time to heart transplantation
or to permanently replace the heart in case heart transplantation is impossible.

5. Heart Anatomy
Russell, R. B., & Aloy, P. Targeting and tinkering with interaction networks. Nature Chemical Biology 4, 666–673 (2008) doi: /nchembio.119.

6. Devices
Ventricular assistant
Cardiopulmonary bypass machine

7. Design Considerations
Function and drawbacks of components
Evaluating valves
Cell-material interactions
Biomaterial coating (Titanium Nitrite, TiCN )
Durability/Device Life
Bileaflet valves w/ soft occluder (flanges)
Battery life
The list goes on…

8. Device Integration

9. Valves
Artificial heart valves: a) ball and cage valve; b) synthetic valve used in blood pumps;
c) bileaflet valve; d) tilted disk valve; e, f) valves without stent; g, h) stent-valves

10. Valves Continued

11. SynCardia
79% of patients successfully bridged between waiting period for artificial heart
1,352 implants (96% of all artificial heart implants)

12. AbioCor
Uses transcutaneous energy transmission to charge the batteries.
Artificial Septum
Separates the artificial ventricles
Went from 20% chance of living 30 days to living extra 512 days (One Clinical Trial)

13. Limitations
Device is either too large or attached to external hardware
Expensive device, procedure and continuing medical surveillance
Range from $100k-300k in first year
Not a permanent solution

14. Summary Increasing need for donor transplants
Artificial Heart transplants can buy time
Ever improving devices
Until the root cause of heart disease is addressed, transplants will save lives
YOU could design the next breakthrough!

15. Questions?

16. References
Wikipedia contributors. "Artificial heart." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 5 Oct Web. 26 Oct Woolston, Benjamin M. Metabolic engineering: Past and future. Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering : Annual Reviews.
Nair, Kalyani, Muraleedharan C. Vayalappil, and G. S. Bhuvaneshwar. "Developments of Mechanical Heart Valves." Sādhanā 28.3 & 4 (2003): Print.
Kostrzewa B, Rybak Z. [History, present and future of biomaterials used for artificial heart valves]. Polim Med Jul-Sep;43(3): Review. Polish.PubMed PMID:
Sarna, J. (Foundation for Cardiac Surgery Development, 345a, Wolnosci St., Zabrze, Poland); Kustosz, R.; Major, R.; Lackner, J.M.; Major, B. Source: Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences, v 58, n 2, p , June 2010
Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, Arnett DK, Blaha MJ, Cushman M, de Ferranti S, Després J-P, Fullerton HJ, Howard VJ, Huffman MD, Judd SE, Kissela BM, Lackland DT, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth LD, Liu S, Mackey RH, Matchar DB, McGuire DK, Mohler ER 3rd, Moy CS, Muntner P, Mussolino ME, Nasir K, Neumar RW, Nichol G, Palaniappan L, Pandey DK, Reeves MJ, Rodriguez CJ, Sorlie PD, Stein J, Towfighi A, Turan TN, Virani SS, Willey JZ, Woo D, Yeh RW, Turner MB; on behalf of the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics— 2015 update: a report from the American Heart Association [published online ahead of print December 17, 2014]. Circulation. doi: /CIR