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Effects of Emotions and Cognitive Load on Memory Presented at the University of California, Irvine by Namrata Mahajan May 14, 2005.

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Presentation on theme: "Effects of Emotions and Cognitive Load on Memory Presented at the University of California, Irvine by Namrata Mahajan May 14, 2005."— Presentation transcript:

1 Effects of Emotions and Cognitive Load on Memory Presented at the University of California, Irvine by Namrata Mahajan May 14, 2005

2 Acknowledgements  Sarah Roper-Coleman, UCI  Dr. Peter H. Ditto, UCI Mentor  Dr. Valerie Jenness, UCI Honors Seminar Instructor  Research Assistants: Tiffany Fan, UCI Allyson Dong, UCI  Funding: Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP)

3 Memory is Important!!! - Memory is important to be able to function in everyday life!  Riding a bicycle  Counting change  Driving  Remembering the name of someone you just met

4 What is Memory? Memory is the ability to use or to remember information that was previously encoded or processed (Ericsson & Chase, 1982).

5 Memory and Emotions  Mood Congruent Theory- We remember events that match our current mood. Studies show that emotionally charged events are remembered better than ordinary, neutral events (e.g. Christianson, 1992).

6 Memory & Cognitive Load Cognitive Load- The “total amount of mental activity imposed on working-memory at an instance in time” (Cooper, 1998). - Excessive cognitive loads affect memory and make learning more difficult. Working-Memory  Long-Term Memory

7 Hypotheses  H 1 : Participants will remember mood-congruent better than mood-incongruent information.  H 2 : Participants without cognitive load will remember information better than those with cognitive load.  H 3 : Participants under both an emotional condition and cognitive load will remember more mood- congruent information.

8 Methods

9 1.Demographics (e.g. age, ethnicity etc). 2.Emotion Elicitation Task  e.g. “Please describe three to five things that make you the most happy.” 3.Learning Task (30 slides with or without cognitive load).  10 happy  10 sad  10 neutral 4. Distracter Activity 5. Recognition Task 6. Debriefing

10 HappySadNeutral XXX

11 Methods 1.Demographics (e.g. age, ethnicity etc). 2.Emotion Elicitation Task  e.g. “Please describe three to five things that make you the most happy.” 3.Learning Task (30 slides with or without cognitive load).  10 happy  10 sad  10 neutral 4. Distracter Activity 5. Recognition Task 6. Debriefing

12 HappySadNeutral XXX No Load Load XXX

13 Happy

14 Sad

15 Neutral

16 Methods 1.Demographics (e.g. age, ethnicity etc). 2.Emotion Elicitation Task  e.g. “Please describe three to five things that make you the most happy.” 3.Learning Task (30 slides with or without cognitive load).  10 happy  10 sad  10 neutral 4. Distracter Activity 5. Recognition Task 6. Debriefing

17 Distracter Activity (Anagrams) Nerd Amid Late TV Retypes Brains Old West Action He Can Mock Jails David Letterman Britney Spears Clint Eastwood Michael Jackson

18 Methods 1.Demographics (e.g. age, ethnicity etc). 2.Emotion Elicitation Task  e.g. “Please describe three to five things that make you the most happy.” 3.Learning Task (30 slides with or without cognitive load).  10 happy  10 sad  10 neutral 4. Distracter Activity 5. Recognition Task 6. Debriefing

19 Methods 1.Demographics (e.g. age, ethnicity etc). 2.Emotion Elicitation Task  “Please describe three to five things that make you the most happy.” 3.Learning Task (30 slides with or without cognitive load).  10 happy  10 sad  10 neutral 4. Distracter Activity 5. Recognition Task 6. Debriefing

20 Results

21 Participants - Gender N=200

22 Participants - Ethnicity

23 H 1 : Participants will remember mood-congruent slides better than mood-incongruent slides. Happy Slides Sad SlidesNeutral Slides Happy+-- Sad-+- Neutral--+

24 H 1 : Participants will remember mood-congruent slides better than mood-incongruent slides. Happy Slides Sad SlidesNeutral Slides Happy+-- Sad-+- Neutral--+

25 Method Each participant given score out of a possible 20 20 = no false positives and no mistakes

26 H 1 : Participants will remember mood-congruent slides better than mood-incongruent slides. Happy Slides Sad SlidesNeutral Slides Happy18.95119.13119.377 Sad18.44418.52418.841 Neutral18.406 18.500

27 H 1 : Participants will remember mood-congruent slides better than mood-incongruent slides. Happy Slides Sad SlidesNeutral Slides Happy18.95119.13119.377 Sad18.44418.52418.841 Neutral18.406 18.500

28 H 1 : Participants will remember mood-congruent slides better than mood-incongruent slides. Happy Slides Sad SlidesNeutral Slides Happy18.95119.13119.377 Sad18.44418.52418.841 Neutral18.406 18.500

29 Mean Number of Slides Accurately Recognized

30 H 2 : Participants without cognitive load will remember slides better than those with cognitive load. Happy Slides Sad Slides Neutral Slides Happy+++ Sad+++ Neutral+++ Happy Slides Sad Slides Neutral Slides Happy--- Sad--- Neutral--- No LoadLoad

31 Happy SlidesSad SlidesNeutral Slides Happy 18.5318.7319.23 Sad 17.9617.8918.29 Neutral 18.4218.5218.55 Happy SlidesSad SlidesNeutral Slides Happy 19.3519.52 Sad 18.8019.0019.25 Neutral 18.3918.3018.45 No Load Load Mean number of slides accurately recognized

32 Mean Number of Slides Accurately Recognized Although not significant, there is a trend for participants without cognitive load to have higher accuracy rates than participants with cognitive load. Cognitive Load Mean Number of Slides Accurately Recognized

33 H 3 : Participants under both an emotional condition and cognitive load will remember more mood congruent slides. Happy Slides Sad Slides Neutral Slides Happy+++ Sad+++ Neutral+++ No LoadLoad Happy Slides Sad Slides Neutral Slides Happy+-- Sad-+- Neutral---

34 Happy Slides Sad Slides Neutral Slides Happy+++ Sad+++ Neutral+++ No LoadLoad Happy Slides Sad Slides Neutral Slides Happy++-- Sad-++- Neutral--- H 3 : Participants under both an emotional condition and cognitive load will remember more mood congruent slides.

35 Happy SlidesSad SlidesNeutral Slides Happy 18.5318.7319.23 Sad 17.9617.8918.29 Neutral 18.4218.5218.55 Happy SlidesSad SlidesNeutral Slides Happy 19.3519.52 Sad 18.8019.0019.25 Neutral 18.3918.3018.45 No Load Load Mean number of slides accurately recognized

36 Happy SlidesSad SlidesNeutral Slides Happy 18.5318.7319.23 Sad 17.9617.8918.29 Neutral 18.4218.5218.55 Happy SlidesSad SlidesNeutral Slides Happy 19.3519.52 Sad 18.8019.0019.25 Neutral 18.3918.3018.45 No Load Load Mean number of slides accurately recognized

37 Possible Explanations and Future Directions  Ceiling Effects  Number of Slides  Timing  Distracter Activity  Emotion Eliciting Activity

38 For more information, please contact… Namrata Mahajan Department of Psychology and Social Behavior University of California, Irvine nmahajan@uci.edu

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