1. Jen Rosenthal

2. Where might you find them? Are all acids & bases harmful? What foods do we eat or drink that may be acids/bases? How can we tell the difference between them?

3. Acids Taste sour, are corrosive to metals, change litmus (a dye extracted from lichens) red, and become less acidic when mixed with bases.bases Bases Feel slippery, change litmus blue, and become less basic when mixed with acids.acids

4. Arrehenius (1800s): Described the difference between Acids & Bases in this way: Acids: Release hydrogen ions (H + ) in water Bases: Release hydroxide ions (OH - ) in water

5. Acids: any substance that can DONATE a hydrogen ion (H + ). They INCREASE the concentation of H + ions in solution by donating them. Ex: HCl (strong acid) Bases: any substance that can ACCEPT a hydrogen ion (H + ). They DECREASE the concentration of H + ions in solution by accepting them. Ex: NaOH (strong base)

6. When an acid & base are mixed you form a salt and water. Ex: HCl + NaOH  H 2 O + NaCl (s) Acid + Base  water + salt (any salt)

7. A representation of the concentration of H + ions in solution. pH = -log [H + ] For example: [H + ] = 1x10 -7 moles/liter = pH of 7 which would be considered NEUTRAL

8. Follows the 5 Es to Inquiry 1. Engage 2. Explore 3. Explain 4. Elaborate 5. Evaluation

9. Indicator Solutions: Substances to Test: - Red cabbage juice - Baking Soda - Radish juice - Soda - Cherry juice - Lemon juice - Blueberry juice - Lime juice - Beet juice - shampoo - Carrot juice - Dishsoap * Others that you would like to try Other solutions to be used: Vinegar, distilled water, & dilute ammonia

10. Indicator (10-20 drops) Acid (Vinegar) 40-60 drops or 1-2 mL Base (Ammonia) 40-60 drops or 1- 2 mL Neutral (Distilled Water) 40-60 drops or 1- 2 mL

11. Instructions. 1. Begin with 2 mL of vinegar in a cup or test tube. 2. Select an indicator from those tested (one group should select red cabbage juice) 3. Add about 10 drops (0.5 mL) of indicator to the beginning vinegar solution. 4. Begin to add one drop at a time of ammonia to the indicator/vinegar solution. Note the color change of the solution as you continue adding drops. 5. Repeat the procedure this time using ammonia as the base solution with the indicator and add vinegar slowly observing the color change.

12. Vinegar + IndicatorAmmonia + Indicator

13. Household Substance Vinegar TestAmmonia Test Water TestResults

14. Scenario: Something has contaminated the aquarium water. You will be given a water sample and asked to determine if it was acidic or basic, based upon your prior tests.

15. Flavin (an anthocyanin) water-soluble pigment that is also found in apple skins, grapes, plums, poppies, & cornflowers. Acid solutions  Turn RED Basic solutions  Turn BLUE/GREEN Neutral solutions  Remain PURPLE

16. ACID NEUTRAL BASE (RED) (PURPLE) (BLUE)