1. Boolean 1.1 Boolean Logic 1 ©Paul Godin Created September 2007 Last Edit September 2009 prgodin @ gmail.com

2. Boolean 1.2 Boolean Simplification ◊Boolean equations are used to describe a logic circuit’s function. ◊Equations can become complex and require simplification. ◊There are laws and theorems to help simplify complex Boolean problems. ◊Manipulating Boolean equations follows many of the rules of standard algebra.

3. Boolean 1.3 The 3 Boolean Laws ◊Commutative: ◊Addition: A + B = B + A ◊Multiplication: AB = BA ◊Associative: ◊Addition: A + (B + C) = (A + B) + C ◊Multiplication: A(BC) = (AB)C ◊Distributive: ◊A(B + C) = AB + AC ◊(A + B)(C + D) = AC + AD + BC + BD

4. Boolean 1.4 The 10 Basic Rules (part 1) 1.Anything ANDed with a 0 is equal to 0:A ● 0 = 0 2.Anything ANDed with a 1 is equal to itself:A ● 1 = A 3.Anything ORed with a 0 is equal to itself:A + 0 = A 4.Anything ORed with a 1 is equal to 1:A + 1 = 1 5.Anything ANDed with itself is equal to itself:A ● A = A

5. Boolean 1.5 The 10 Basic Rules (part 2) 6.Anything ORed with itself is equal to itself:A + A = A 7.Anything ANDed with its own complement equals 0:A ● A = 0 8.Anything ORed with its own complement equals 1:A + A = 1 9.Anything complemented twice is equal to the original: A = A 10.The two variable rules: a) A + AB = A + B b) A + AB = A + B c) A + AB = A

6. Boolean 1.6 De Morgan’s Theorem Review ◊De Morgan’s Theorem allows the inversion of an expression to be broken up into inversions of individual variables. ◊Inversion of an expression: A + B ◊Inversion of individual variables: A ● B “Break the bar and change the sign”

7. Boolean 1.7 7.A ● 0 = ___ 8.A + A = ____ 9.A + A = ____ 10.A + AB = ____ 11.A ● 1 = ____ 12.A = ____ Basic Boolean Rules Exercise 1 1.A + 0 = ____ 2.A + AB = ____ 3.A + 1 = ____ 4.A + AB = ____ 5.A ● A = ____ 6.A ● A = ____ Determine the outcome of the following:

8. Boolean 1.8 Basic Boolean Rules Exercise 2 Determine the output of the following gates ? 0 A ? 1 ? 0 ? 1 A A A’ A A

9. Boolean 1.9 Boolean Simplification ◊Boolean equations can be simplified using algebraic methods, using the Boolean rules and laws to reduce the equation.

10. Boolean 1.10 Examples of Boolean Reduction 1 ◊Consider CD(D+DF) ◊CD(D) Rule 10a where D+DF=D ◊CDD Associative Law ◊CD Rule 5 where DD=D ◊Consider C’D’(C+D)’ ◊C’D’(C’D’)DeMorgan where (C+D)=(CD) ◊C’C’D’D’Associative where brackets removed ◊C’D’Rule 5 where C’C’=C’ and D’D’=D’

11. Boolean 1.11 Examples of Boolean Reduction 2 ◊Consider (C+D)(C+D’) ◊CC+CD’+DC+DD’ Distributive ◊C+CD’+CD+0Rule 5: CC=C; Rule 7:DD’=0, ◊C+CD’+CDRule 3: (A+0=A) ◊(C+CD’)+CD Associative ◊C+CDRule 10c: C+CD’=C ◊C+CRule 10c: C+CD=C ◊CRule 6: C+C=C ◊Consider C’+CDE+E ◊(C’+CDE)+EAssociative ◊C’+DE+ERule 10b: C’+CDE=C’+DE ◊C’+(E+DE)Associative, Commutative ◊C’+ERule 10c: E+DE=E

12. Boolean 1.12 Exercise 3 ◊Simplify the following: ◊ A’+AB’+B ◊A+A’B+B’C+AC ◊AB’+A’CD+B+C’+D’ Other examples may be given in class

13. Boolean 1.13 END ©Paul R. Godin prgodin ° @ gmail.com