1. Chapter 19 Reproductive System
Online

2. Internal structures of female reproductive
Ovaries
Uterine tubes
Uterus
Vagina

3. Ovaries Two small, glandular organs
Internal secretion -controls menstrual cycle
External secretion- ova
Ovulation -extrusion of an ovum by rupture of a follicle

4. Uterus Pear-shaped muscular organ
Situated in central part of pelvic cavity
Posterior to urinary bladder

5. Functions of Uterus Receives ovum Serves to house developing fetus
Expels fetus during birth
Consists of four parts:
Fundus
Body
Isthmus
Cervix

6. Uterine Tubes Also called fallopian tubes
Collect ova released by ovaries and convey it to uterine cavity
3 to 5 long

7. The Vagina Lies posterior to urinary bladder and urethra
Muscular structure that connects uterus to outside of body
Performs various other functions

8. Fetal Development
Implantation: fertilized ovum (zygote) passes into uterine cavity
After 2 weeks, embryo appears
After 9 weeks, embryo becomes a fetus
7 months

9. Umbilical cord Connecting cord from fetus to placenta
Cord is attached to uterus via placenta, implanted in uterine wall
Nutrition comes in , waste travels out

10. Radiographic Procedures
Female – not pregnant (not gravid)
Hysterosalpingography (HSG)
Pelvic pneumography
Vaginography
Female – pregnant (gravid)
Fetography
Pelvimetry
Fetal cephalometry
Placentagram

11. Why perform a Hysterosalpingogram? (HSG)
Mainly to investigate patency of uterine tubes in pts unable to conceive
Determine size, shape, and position of uterus and uterine tubes
Delineate lesions such as polyps, submucousal tumors, or fistulas

12. Ovary Cysts

13. Mother of all Ovarian Cysts

14. Hysterosalpingography cont’d
Why should procedure should be scheduled within 10 days following onset of menstruation?
Endometrium is least congested
Least risk of irradiating fertilized ovum

15. Exam Procedure Pt empties bladder prior to procedure
Pt in lithotomy position
Speculum inserted into vagina
Uterine cannula inserted into cervical canal
Contrast is administered after speculum removal

16. HSG Shows uterine cavity and fallopian tubes
Fluoroscopy and/or overheads images may be performed
Shows uterine cavity and fallopian tubes
Patency determined by visualization of contrast

17. Pelvic Pneumography
replaced by sonography
Study of female organs by injection of gas in peritoneal cavity

18. Vaginography Used to investigate congenital malformations and fistulas
Thin barium sulfate or water-soluble iodinated contrast media introduced into vagina

19. Placentography (replaced by sonography)
Radiography of placenta by injecting radiopaque substance
Shows walls of uterus to locate placenta
Normal: located at top or side of uterus
Placenta previa: placenta blocks exit from uterus

20. What is “breech presentation”?
Baby enters birth canal with buttocks or feet first as opposed to normal head first presentation
Breech
Normal

21. Fetography (replaced by ultrasound)
KUB and lateral
Demonstrates fetus in utero
Determine presentation and position of fetus
Determine number of fetuses
Detect suspected abnormalities of development or death

22. Pelvimetry (fetal cephalometry)
(Now replaced by Sonography)
Metal ruler to measure fetal head’s relationship to pelvic outlet
AP and lateral films
Colcher –Sussman Method

23. Pelvimetry

24. Pelvimetry

25. Male Reproductive System
External reproductive structures of male
Penis
Scrotum
Structures enclosed by scrotal sac
Testes
Epididymides
Spermatic cords
Part of ductus deferens
Bladder

26. Vasectomy

27. Epididymogram

28. Vesiculogram

29. Prostatography Obsolete radiography study of prostate
Replaced by Sonography

30. The End