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Soil Nutrients and Fertilizers
Essential Standard Explain the role of nutrients and fertilizers.
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Objective 6.01 Discuss macro and micro nutrients and the role they play in plant deficiencies.
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Plant Nutrients Nutrients are elements needed by a plant to promote healthy tissue, processes, and growth When plants are lacking in nutrients, deficiencies occur and may exhibit a number of symptoms Stunted appearance Pale green or yellow (chlorosis) may develop initially, but coloring can be related to the nutrient that is lacking General unhealthy appearance
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Macro vs Micro Nutrients
Macro nutrients are required by the plant in relatively large amounts Micro nutrients are required only in small amounts minor or trace elements
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Macro nutrients Non-mineral elements Primary Nutrients
carbon (C) hydrogen (H) oxygen (O) Primary Nutrients Nitrogen (N) Phosphorus (P) Potassium (K) Secondary Nutrients calcium (Ca) magnesium (Mg) sulfur (S)
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Micro nutrients Iron (Fe) Copper (Cu) Zinc (Zn) Boron (B)
Molybdenum (Mo) Manganese (Mn) Chlorine (Cl)
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Functions of Nitrogen N Promotes growth of leaves and stems
Gives dark green color and improves quality of foliage Necessary to develop cell proteins and chlorophyll N
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Nitrogen Deficiency symptoms sick, yellow-green color
short stems, small leaves, pale colored leaves and flowers slow and dwarfed plant growth
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Nitrogen deficiency
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Functions of Phosphorus
Stimulates early formation and growth of roots Provides for fast and vigorous growth and speeds maturity Stimulates flowering and seed development Necessary for the enzyme action of many plant processes
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Phosphorus P Deficiency symptoms decrease in growth slow maturity
older leaves are purplish color P
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Phosphorus Deficiency
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Functions of Potassium
Used to form carbohydrates and proteins Formation and transfer of starches, sugars and oils Increases disease resistance, vigor and hardiness K
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Potassium Deficiency symptoms
mottled, spotted, streaked or curled leaves scorched, burned, dead leaf tips and margins
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Potassium Deficiency
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Secondary Nutrients Calcium (Ca) Magnesium (Mg) Sulfur (S)
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Functions of Calcium Ca Improves plant vigor
Influences intake and synthesis of other plant nutrients or elements Important part of cell walls Ca
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Calcium Deficiency symptoms small developing leaves
wrinkled older leaves dead stem tips
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Calcium Deficiency
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Functions of Magnesium
Influences the intake of other essential nutrients Helps make fats Assists in translocation of phosphorus and fats Mg
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Magnesium Deficiency symptoms
Interveinal chlorosis-yellowing of leaves between green veins leaf tips curl or cup upward slender, weak stalks
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Magnesium Deficiency
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Functions of Sulfur Promotes root growth and vigorous vegetative growth Essential to protein formation S
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Sulfur Deficiency symptoms
young leaves are light green with lighter color veins yellow leaves and stunted growth
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Sulfur Deficiency
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Micro Nutrients Also called “trace” elements
Needed by plants in small amounts
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Iron (Fe) Functions of Iron Deficiency symptoms
Essential for chlorophyll production Helps carry electrons to mix oxygen with other elements Deficiency symptoms mottled and interveinal chlorosis in young leaves stunted growth and slender, short stems
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Iron Deficiency Fe
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Copper (Cu) Functions Deficiency symptoms Helps in the use of Iron
Helps respiration Deficiency symptoms young leaves are small and permanently wilt multiple buds at stem tip
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Copper Deficiency Cu
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Zinc (Z) Functions Deficiency symptoms plant metabolism
helps form growth hormones reproduction Deficiency symptoms slowed growth between nodes (rosetted) new leaves are thick and small spotted between veins, discolored veins
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Zinc Deficiency Zn
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Boron (B) Functions Deficiency Symptoms
affects water absorption by roots translocation of sugars Deficiency Symptoms short, thick stem tips young leaves of terminal buds are light green at base leaves become twisted and die
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Boron Deficiency B
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Manganese (Mn) Functions Deficiency symptoms plant metabolism
nitrogen transformation Deficiency symptoms interveinal chlorosis young leaves die
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Manganese Deficiency Mn
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Molybdenum (Mo) Functions Deficiency symptoms plant development
reproduction Deficiency symptoms stunted growth yellow leaves, upward curling leaves, leaf margins burn
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Molybdenum Deficiency
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Chlorine (Cl) Functions Deficiency symptoms
essential to some plant processes acts in enzyme systems Deficiency symptoms usually more problems with too much chlorine or toxicity than with deficiency Chlorine is found in the soil
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Chlorine Deficiency Cl
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