1. McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 12: The Cardiovascular System

2. McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 12-2 Learning Outcomes Identify and discuss the structure and function of the cardiovascular system. Define combining forms used in building words that relate to the cardiovascular system. Summarize common diagnoses, laboratory tests, and clinical procedures used in testing and treating disorders of the cardiovascular system. Define the major pathological terms of the cardiovascular system. Define surgical terms related to the cardiovascular system. Recognize common pharmacological classifications used to treat disorders of the cardiovascular system. Define major pathological conditions of the cardiovascular system

3. McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 12-3 Function/Structure Delivers blood to the body Oxygen and Nutrients to the body Removes waste and Carbon Dioxide

4. McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 12-4 Blood Circulation

5. McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 12-5 Heart Anatomy

6. McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 12-6 Combining Forms angi(o)blood vessel aort(o)aorta arteri(o), arter(o)artery ather(o)fatty matter atri(o)atrium

7. McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 12-7 Combining Forms cardi(o)heart hemangi(o)blood vessel pericardi(o)pericardium phleb(o)vein

8. McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 12-8 Combining Forms sphygm(o)pulse thromb(o)blood clot vas(o)blood vessel ven(o)vein

9. McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 12-9 Layers of the Heart

10. McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 12-10 Heart Valves Four Chambers Four valves allow blood flow in one directions Pulmonary, Aortic,Tricuspid, and Mitral Valves

11. McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 12-11 Heart Valves

12. McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 12-12 Structure & Function valves arteries veins lumen atrioventricular valve tricuspid valve bicuspid valve mitral valve semilunar valve pulmonary valve aortic valve

13. McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 12-13 Vessels Carry blood within the heart To tissues and organs Expand and Constrict to regulate blood flow

14. McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 12-14 Major Arteries

15. McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 12-15 Major Veins

16. McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 12-16 Blood Vessels of the Heart

17. McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 12-17 Blood Pressure Pressure in arteries Sphygmomanometer Stethoscope Contraction and Relaxation pressures

18. McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 12-18 Conduction System

19. McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 12-19 Conduction System Flow

20. McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 12-20 AHA Catagories CategorySystolicDiastolic Normal<120and<80 Prehypertension120-139Or80-89 High Stage 1140-159Or90-99 Stage 2>160Or>100

21. McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 12-21 Fetal Circulation Fetal circulation is the circulatory system of the unborn child. Includes the umbilical cord and the blood vessels within the placenta

22. McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 12-22 Path of Fetal Circulation

23. McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 12-23 Diagnostic, Procedural, Labs Diagnostic, procedure and laboratory findings assist the physician in diagnosing medical conditions. Final diagnosis Assist in treatment planning

24. McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 12-24 Angiogram

25. McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 12-25 Pathological Conditions Heart Rhythm Sinus rhythm normal Abnormal rhythms can be life threatening risk factor arrhythmia bradycardia tachycardia atrial fibrillation fibrillation dysrhythmia flutter bruit murmur

26. McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 12-26 Pathological Conditions (cont.) rub gallop palpitations atrioventricular block heart block premature atrial contractions (PACs) premature ventricular contractions (PVCs)

27. McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 12-27 Blood Pressure Elevated blood pressure can lead to cardiovascular disorders Low blood pressure is usually not treated. hypertensive heart disease hypertension = high blood pressure hypotension = low blood pressure essential hypertension secondary hypertension

28. McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 12-28 Diseases of the Blood Vessels Blood vessels carry blood throughout the body Damaged blood vessels compromise flow Decreasing oxygen to the tissues and organs.

29. McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 12-29 Normal Vessel

30. McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 12-30 Vessel with Plaque

31. McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 12-31 Artery, Heart, Lung Disease Heart and lungs work together to provide oxygen Inadequate heart function Cause lung disease.

32. McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 12-32 Valve Conditions Valves responsible for maintaining blood flow Diseased valves cause cardiovascular symptoms

33. McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 12-33 Surgical Terms Cardiovascular surgery Blockages within the cardiac vessels Disorders of the heart valves

34. McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 12-34 Angioplasty

35. McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 12-35 Stent Placement

36. McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 12-36 Pharmacological Terms Medications can treat CV diseases and symptoms Drug Therapy Angina, heart attack, hypertension, high cholesterol, congestive heart failure, rhythm disorders and vascular problems

37. McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 12-37 Chapter Review Identify and discuss the structure and function of the cardiovascular system. Define combining forms used in building words that relate to the cardiovascular system. Summarize common diagnoses, laboratory tests, and clinical procedures used in testing and treating disorders of the cardiovascular system. Define the major pathological terms of the cardiovascular system. Define surgical terms related to the cardiovascular system. Recognize common pharmacological classifications used to treat disorders of the cardiovascular system. Define major pathological conditions of the cardiovascular system