1. Slums Ted

2. UN defines a slum – a heavily populated run down area of a city characterized by substandard housing and squalor and lacking tenure security
poorest quality housing, and the most unsanitary conditions
a refuge for marginal activities including crime, ‘vice’ and drug abuse
In developing world - refers to lower quality or informal housing

3. Characteristics
Inadequate access to safe water
Inadequate access to sanitation and other infrastructure
Poor structural quality of housig
Overcrowding
Insecure residential status

4. Why They Exist
Rapid rural to urban migration
ii)  in urban poverty
iii) Inequality
iv) Insecure tenure
globalization
1 billion (1/7) of the world lives in slums
From  in % of people living in slums in developed world (from 47% to 37%)
Growth of slums in developing world that by billion people will live in slums

7. > half of all slum dwellers in developing world are Asian (Pakistani, Indian or Nepalese) world trends

8. Slum household – a group of individuals living under the same roof in an urban area who lack one or more of the following:
Durable housing of a permanent nature (built on non-hazardous location) that protects against extreme climate conditions
Sufficient living space – not more than 3 people sharing the same room
Easy access to safe water in sufficient amounts and at affordable prices
Access to adequate sanitation in the form of a private or public toilet shared by a reasonable number of people
Security of tenure that prevents forced evictions

9. Durable housing of a permanent nature (built on non-hazardous location) that protects against extreme climate conditions
Hazardous location –
geologically hazardous zones (earthquake, flood, landslide areas)
Garbage mountains
High-industrial pollution areas
Other high risk zones (railroads, airports, energy transmission lines)

10. Durability
Quality of construction (materials used for walls, floor and roof)
Compliance with local building codes, standards and by-laws

11. Sufficient living space – not more than 3 people sharing the same room
Room defined as space in housing unit/living quarters enclosed by walls, reaching the floor to the ceiling/roof
Height at list two meters (areas 4 m2)

12. iii) Easy access to safe water in sufficient amounts and at affordable prices
Affordable – should take up < 10% of family income
Sufficient amounts – at least 20 litres per person per day
Easy Access – less than one hour per day

13. Access to adequate sanitation in the form of a private or public toilet shared by a reasonable number of people
Facilities should be shared by on 2 households
Septic system should have sufficient capacity in order not to be clogged

14. v) Security of tenure that prevents forced evictions
Member of household owns housing unit
Member of household rents all or part of housing unit
Member of household rents all or part of housing unit as main tenant or subtenant

15. Not all slums are the same and not all slum dwellers face same degree of deprivation
Degree of deprivation depends on how many of the 5 conditions re prevalent within a slum household
~1/5 (20%) of slum households live in extreme poverty (lacking more than 3 shelter needs)

17. Traditionally – slums are hosing areas that were once respectable – even – desirable – deteriorated after original dwellers moved on to new and better parts of the citySouth Central LA
Detroit

18. Today slums include informal settlements
Becoming most visible manifestations of urban poverty in developing world cities
Jakarta
Argentina
Bangkok
Portugal
Belgrade
Haiti

19. Favelas – Brazil
Barrados – Peru
Barriors – Venezuela
Villas Miseria/villa de emergencia – Argentina
Champerios – EL Salvador
Slums – N. America & Europe
Shanty town – Africa, New Zealand, Caribbean
Rookery – England
Kampongs - Indonesia
Bidonvilles – Francophone countries
Informal Settlements
Squatter Settlements

20. 2 broad types of slums
Slums of hope (on the rise)
Newer, self-built structures
Been through a process of development, consolidation & improvement
Usually illegal (squatters)
Kenya
Slums of Despair
Declining neighbourhoods – environrmental conditions & services process of decay
Cleveland Dying City
Sacremento

24. Traditionally slums housing areas that were once respectable – even – desirable – deteriorated after original dwellers moved on to new and better parts of the city
Hooverville
Bushville
Toronto's Tenty City