1. A quick and easy guide to naming and writing them MULTIVALENT IONS 1

2.  Multivalent: multi (more than one) + valent (number of valence electrons )  AKA. Multiple Charges WHAT ARE MULTIVALENT IONS? Atomic Number (# p+) Symbol Name Atomic Mass Ion Charge Multivalent = 4+ or 3+ 2

3.  Transition Metals  More common ones  Iron (Fe) 3+ or 2+  Lead (Pb) 2+ or 4+  Nickel (Ni) 2+ or 3+  Copper (Cu) 2+ or1+  Gold (Au) 3+ or 1+ MULTIVALENT IONS 3

4.  Numerals are used when indicating an ion’s charge. DISTINGUISHING CHARGES ChargeRoman Numeral +1I +2II +3III +4IV +5V +6VI +7VII 4

5. Examples:  Fe 3+  iron (III)  Cu 1+  copper (I) EXAMPLES OF MULTIVALENT CHARGES 5

6. Example: Au 3 N 1.Identify the metal and list the possible charges 1.Au = 3+ or 1+ 2.Identify the non-metal and it’s charge 1.N = 3- 3.Notice how many ions of each you have 1.3 Au ions AND 1 N ion 4.Figure out what charge needs to be used so that the positive and negative charges balance out 1.3 Au ions = +1 +1 +1 = +3 1 N ion = -3 5.Determine which roman numeral to use for the metal charge 1.Au (I) 6.Write the compound name (non-metal suffix is “ide”) 1.Gold (I) Nitride NAMING MULTIVALENT IONS 6

7. Example: PdS 2 1.Identify the metal and list the possible charges 1.Pd = 2+ or 4+ 2.Identify the non-metal and it’s charge 1.S = 2- 3.Notice how many ions of each you have 1.1 Pd ion AND 2 S ions 4.Figure out what charge needs to be used so that the positive and negative charges balance out 1.1 Pd ion = +4 = +4 2 S ions = -2 -2 = -4 5.Determine which roman numeral to use for the metal charge 1.Pd (IV) 6.Write the compound name (non-metal suffix is “ide”) 1.Palladium (IV) sulphide PRACTICE NAMING 7

8. Example: manganese (IV) sulfide 1.Figure out what these two ions are and write down their charges a.Manganese (IV) = Mn +4 b.S = S -2 2.Determine how many of each ion you need to balance out the charges a.Mn +4 = +4 b.S -2 = - 2You will need another ion of S to balance 3.Note the ratio of positive ions to negative ions a.1 Mn b.2 S 4.Write the formula, indicating the number of each ion in a subscript right after if a.MnS 2 WRITING FORMULAS 8

9. Example: colbalt (III) oxide 1.Figure out what these two ions are and write down their charges a.Colbalt (III) = Co +3 b.O= O -2 2.Determine how many of each ion you need to balance out the charges a.Co +3 = +3 +3 = +6 b.O -2 = - 2 -2 -2 = -6 3.Note the ratio of positive ions to negative ions a.2 Co b.3 O 4.Write the formula, indicating the number of each ion in a subscript right after if a.Co 2 O 3 PRACTICE WRITING THE FORMULA 9

10.  The assignment is to be done individually. If you need help, please ask me or Ms. Smith  This is due on Friday, and is for marks!!  Every day late is -1 mark  Total is out of… ASSIGNMENT #1 10