1. The Agricultural Revolution

2.  Ancien Régime—life and institutions of pre- revolutionary (late 18 th century) Europe.  Tradition  Aristocracy—1-5% of the population of every country in Europe  Nobility  Gentry

3.  Land still dominated life in Europe into the 18 th Century  Ownership of land determined your status in society  Over 75% of European population lived in the country

4.  “The power of the landlord increased as one moved across Europe from west to east.”  Peasants in France  Serfs in Russia  Peasants of the Ottoman Empire

5.  Pugachev’s Rebellion  Russia  Emelyan Pugachev  1773-1775 Text by Alexander Pushkin

6.  Innovations in farm production during the 18 th century.  Primarily focused in western Europe. Jethro Tull Seed Drill

7.  Jethro Tull  Charles Townsend  Robert Bakewell  Arthur Young

8.  Europe’s population:  1700—100-120 million  1800—190 million  1850—260 million