1. Chapter Outline Chapter 21 Industrial Europe Civilization in the West, Seventh Edition by Kishlansky/Geary/O’Brien Copyright © 2008, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman I. The Traditional Economy II. The Industrial Revolution in Britain III. The Industrialization of the Continent Discover more about the Great Exhibition, 1851 and the Zollverein by clicking on the image above. Isambard Kingdom Brunel

2. Chapter 21: Industrial Europe Copyright © 2008, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman I. The Traditional Economy A. Farming Families Communal farming Find out more about the traditional rural community by clicking on the image below: Population Growth in Europe, 1800-1850

3. Chapter 21: Industrial Europe Charles (“Turnip”) Townshend As Ambassador to the Netherlands, he was struck by the intensive and innovative practices there. He experimented on his own estates in East Anglia new forms of crop rotation.

4. Chapter 21: Industrial Europe Jethro Tull: automatic seed drill A more efficient way of seeding than scatter method

5. Chapter 21: Industrial Europe Joseph II: potato cultivation

6. Chapter 21: Industrial Europe Oliver Goldsmith’s The Deserted Village (1770) Ill fares the land, to hastening ills a prey, Where wealth accumulates, and men decay: Princes and lords may flourish, or may fade; A breath can make them, as a breath has made; But a bold peasantry, their country's pride, When once destroyed can never be supplied.

7. Chapter 21: Industrial Europe Copyright © 2008, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman I. The Traditional Economy B. Rural Manufacture Putting-out system The European Linen Industry The putting-out system was an economic development that took place in the 1700's and went along closely with the Cottage Industry. The Putting-Out System was still a rural form of industry and basically involved a family making certain items out of raw materials, and selling them to an "agent", who sold them to the general public. This worked as a form of capitalism, as merchants could buy cheap products at home and sell them overseas.

8. Chapter 21: Industrial Europe Copyright © 2008, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman I. The Traditional Economy C. The Agricultural Revolution Enclosures (Click the dogs for more) Parliamentary enclosures Agricultural Innovations Cover crops - clover and turnips Meadow floating Convertible husbandry

9. Chapter 21: Industrial Europe Copyright © 2008, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman II. The Industrial Revolution in Britain 1750-1850, transformation of work force A. Britain First Water and Coal Economic Infrastructure Bank of England B. Minerals and Metals Early Coal Mining Thomas Newcomen steam-driven pump Abraham Darby coke in iron production James Watt 1755, steam engine Henry Cort puddling and rolling Great Britain, Canals and Natural Resources

10. Chapter 21: Industrial Europe Copyright © 2008, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman II. The Industrial Revolution in Britain C. Cotton Is King John Kay, flying shuttle James Hargreaves, spinning jenny Richard Arkwright, water frame Samuel Crompton, mule Richard Arkwright factories Mill towns Luddites Eli Whitney cotton gin by 1850, 500,000 laborers Great Britain: Textile Centers

11. Chapter 21: Industrial Europe Copyright © 2008, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman II. The Industrial Revolution in Britain D. The Iron Horse Richard Trevithick George Stephenson E. Entrepreneurs and Managers Josiah Wedgwood Robert Owen New Lanark F. The Wages of Progress Factory Act (1833) Ten Hours Act (1847) Mines Act (1842) Public Health Act (1848) Great Britain: Railroads, ca. 1850

12. Chapter 21: Industrial Europe Copyright © 2008, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman Great Britain: Manufacturing Centers II. The Industrial Revolution in Britain D. The Iron Horse Richard Trevithick George Stephenson E. Entrepreneurs and Managers Josiah Wedgwood Robert Owen New Lanark F. The Wages of Progress Factory Act (1833) Ten Hours Act (1847) Mines Act (1842) Public Health Act (1848)

13. Chapter 21: Industrial Europe Copyright © 2008, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman Why Britain? Why not elsewhere? Britain possessed a preponderance of industrialization’s preconditions, circumstances not found to the same degree in any other contemporary state. Rising population, agricultural surplus, with less need for agricultural workers (enclosure and improved practices, long tradition of manufacturing – putting out system) Geographic advantages (position vis a vis continent and existing waterways, supporting canals, water-powered early factories) Abundant natural resources (coal and iron ore) Capital (financial policies and institutions, - joint-stock companies and Exchange, Bank of England) Entrepreneurs willing to support inventors' work and risk Stable government supporting policies that favored risk taking and protected trade Strong demand for material products produced Existing markets, both domestic and foreign

14. Chapter 21: Industrial Europe Copyright © 2008, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman III. The Industrialization of the Continent A. France: Industrialization Without Revolution Slow Growth The Impact of the French Revolution Protectionism B. Germany: Industrialization and Union Agriculture The Zollverein, 1834 C. The Lands That Time Forgot Industrial Revolution on the Continent

15. Chapter 21: Industrial Europe Week of 12/13 Complete Review Activity: See Reverse of homework sheet. (Tues.) Industrial Society & Factory Conditions, Chadwick Report (docs) due 12/11 Read Chapter 21, Sec. III (due 12/12) Quiz: Monday, 12/16 Notes : 1.View Bucholz lectures, 22-23 2.Historyteacher.net: #27, 28, 38 3.Diary of a Napoleonic Foot soldier* Be prepared to discuss 12/13 and Reminders *Paper due: Dec. 12/24 Mid-term Exam: Sat., Jan. 11

16. Chapter 21: Industrial Europe John Leech, Cheap Clothing : Punch Magazine, 1845 1.What sector of society is being portrayed in the image? Explain your answer. 2.Which group is the targeted audience for this cartoon? Explain your answer. 3.After 1850 the publishers of Punch magazine began to worry that they were getting too radical with their cartoons. Why did they fear that they might offend their readers?

17. Chapter 21: Industrial Europe Over London by Rail, c.1870. From London: A Pilgrimage 1.What does this image tell the historian about life in London in the 19 th century? 2.What sector of society is being portrayed in the image? Explain your answer. 3.What enabled the artist to capture this image; how was this vantage point possible?

18. Chapter 21: Industrial Europe With fingers weary and worn, With eyelids heavy and red, A woman sat in unwomanly rags, Plying her needle and thread – Stitch! Stitch! Stitch! In poverty, hunger, and dirt, And still with a voice of dolorous* pitch She sang ‘The Song of the Shirt!’ The Sign of the Shirt Poem, Thomas Hood Christmas edition Punch Magazine, 1843 *Somber, sad, grief-stricken 1.What is the poet saying in The Sign of the Shirt? 2.What might be the ideological point of view of the poet? Explain why you think as you do? 3.How does this poem’s message relate to the period in which it was published?

19. Chapter 21: Industrial Europe 1.Read Chapter 21, Sec. I (due 12/5) 2.Read Chapter 21, Sec. II (due 12/6) 3.Read Chapter 21, Sec. III (due 12/7) Coalbrookdale by Night is an 1801 painting by Philip James de Loutherbourg.Philip James de Loutherbourg

20. Chapter 21: Industrial Europe Copyright © 2008, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman Notes for Chapter 21 : 1.View Bucholz lectures, 22-23 2.Historyteacher.net: Industrialization 3.Watch Jeremy Black’s 55-min. documentary. (link on slide #13) 4.Documents: Industrial Society and Factory Conditions, Chadwick Report, Inventions of Industrial Revolution (PP), Study Guide with Commentary 5.Diary of a Napoleonic Foot soldier* Be prepared to discuss 12/13 and Reminders *Paper due: Dec. 12/24 Mid-term Exam: Sat., Jan. 11

21. Chapter 21: Industrial Europe 1.Read Chapter 22, Sec. I (due 12/18) 2.Read Chapter 22, Sec. II (due 12/20) 3.Read Chapter 22, Sec. III (due 12/6) 1/8: Quiz: Chp 21-22 MC Eugène Delacroix’s Liberty Leading the People, 1830