1. An Introduction to Multicultural Education
James Banks
2002

2. Dimensions and School Characteristics
Five Dimensions:
Content integration
The knowledge construction process
Prejudice reduction
An equity pedagogy
An empowering school culture and social structure

3. Dimensions and School Characteristics
Content Integration
The extent to which teachers use examples and content from a variety of cultures and groups to illustrate key concepts, principles, generalizations, and theories in their subject area or discipline.

4. Dimensions and School Characteristics
The Knowledge Construction Process
The extent to which teachers help students to understand, investigate, and determine how the implicit cultural perspectives, and biases within a discipline influence the ways in which knowledge is constructed within it.

5. Dimensions and School Characteristics
Prejudice Reduction
The characteristics of students’ racial attitudes and how they can be modified by teaching methods and materials.

6. Dimensions and School Characteristics
An Equity Pedagogy
Teachers modify their teaching in ways that will facilitate the academic achievement of students from diverse racial, cultural, and social-class groups.

7. Dimensions and School Characteristics
An Empowering School Culture and Social Structure
A school culture that empowers students from diverse racial, ethnic, and cultural groups.

8. Eight Characteristics of a Multicultural School
Attitudes, perceptions, and beliefs, and actions of the school staff
Formalized curriculum and course of study
Learning, teaching, and cultural styles favored by the school
Languages and dialects of the school

9. Eight Characteristics of a the Multicultural School
5. Instructional materials
6. Assessment and testing procedures
7. The school culture and the hidden curriculum
8. The counseling program

10. Curriculum Transformation
Students and teachers make paradigm shifts and view the American and world experience from the perspectives of different racial, ethnic, cultural, and gender groups.

11. Curriculum Transformation
Goal of multicultural education:
1. To increase educational equality for both gender groups, for students from diverse ethnic and cultural groups, and for exceptional students and
2. To develop the knowledge, skills, and attitudes needed to survive and function effectively in a diverse global world
3. To develop cross-cultural competencies

12. Curriculum Transformation
Transformation of assumptions, beliefs, and structures, within schools regarding
How students learn
Human abilities
The nature of knowledge

13. Curriculum Transformation
Four levels of a transformed curriculum;
The contributions approach
The additive approach
The transformation approach
The social action approach

14. Curriculum Transformation
The contributions approach
Focuses on holidays, heroes, and discrete cultural elements

15. Curriculum Transformation
The additive approach
Content, concepts, themes, and perspectives are added to the curriculum without changing its structure

16. Curriculum Transformation
The transformation approach
The structure of the curriculum is changed to enable students to view concepts, issues, events, and themes from the perspective of diverse ethnic and cultural groups.

17. Curriculum Transformation
The social action approach
Students make decisions on important social issues and take actions to help solve them.

18. Curriculum Transformation
teaches students
to know,
to care, and
to act!