1. Notebook #3 Review

2. 1.Name and identify the charge of the two particles in the nucleus of an atom. -protons-positive charge -neutrons- neutral charge

3. 2.Name and identify the charge of the particles circling the nucleus.  - electrons-negative charge

4. 3.Using the periodic table, identify the number of protons, number of electrons (in a neutral non- charged atom), atomic mass and how many neutrons for Barium and Iodine. (Next slide)

5. Barium=56 protons, 56 electrons, atomic mass of 137, and 81 neutrons Iodine=53 protons, 53 electrons, atomic mass of 127, and 74 neutrons

6. 4. Put the electrons in the energy levels for the following Neon, Aluminum, and Boron (a neutral atom).

7. 5.Which one of the atoms above is most stable and why? Neon because the outer energy level is full

8. 6. Define the following Atom- Element- Compound- pure substance made of one type of atom combination of 2 or more elements smallest unit of matter

9. 7.How do atoms combine and why? They combine by chemical bonding to become stable

10. 8.Which bond shares to become stable? Covalent

11. 9.Which bond takes or gives electrons? Ionic

12. 10.Define Hydrogen bond. H-atom attaches weakly to a different compound

13. 11.What is called when there is a slight attraction between molecules that are close? Van der Waals Forces

14. 12.For the six main elements of life, identify the acronym and what does each letter stand? S- Sulfur P-Phosphorus O-Oxygen N-Nitrogen C-Carbon H-Hydrogen

15. 13.What element do ALL living things contain? Carbon

16. 14.Identify the names from the smallest singular building block to a large molecule, put them in order. monomer polymer macromolecule

17. 15.In condensation we _________________covalent bonds and release______ ________. water makes

18. 16.hydrolysis we _______covalent bonds and add______ _____. Break water

19. 17.What are the 4 big macromolecules and briefly describe what their atom combinations are. –carbohydrates-C+H+O –Protein-C+H+O+N –Nucleic Acid-C+H+O+N+P –Lipid-C+H+O (long chain)

20. 18.Using pages 45-47 draw a diagram for EACH of the four macromolecules. Carbohydrate Nucleic Acid Lipid

21. 19.What is the main function of each of the macromolecules in living organisms? –Carbohydrates=energy –Proteins=regulate cells and bone and muscle formation –Nucleic Acid=heredity information -Lipids=store energy

22. 20.What is the monomer for EACH of the macromolecules? Carbohydrates=monosaccharide –Protein=amino acids –Nucleic Acid=nucleotide –Lipid=glycerol and fatty acid

23. 21. What protein can be used to catalyze many reactions, but does not change itself? enzyme

24. 22. What affects enzyme reactions? Temperature pH Ionic conditions Amt. of substrate

25. 23.Hydrophobic means_____ ______________, while hydrophilic means_________ _________. water fears Loves water

26. 24.In a lipid they have 2 different ends, identify what type they are and how they react to water. –polar-loves water/hydrophilic –nonpolar-doesn’t like water/hydrophobic

27. 25.What are the ingredients in a solution and identify their roles? -solute=substance that disolves –solvent=liquid that it solute dissolves in

28. 26.What is the “Universal Solvent” that is in an aqueous solution? water

29. 27.A polar molecule has uneven/partial charges, what causes this and what does it create? uneven distribution of electrons –magnetic/electrical attraction

30. 28.What are the 2 attractive forces and what types of substances do they affect? cohesion=similar particles –adhesion=different substances

31. 29.Capillarity moves water____ against gravity. up

32. 30.Acids form ___ions in a solution. H+

33. 31.Bases form ________ions in a solution. OH-

34. 32.Draw the pH scale and label 0-14. Identify strong acids, weak acids, neutral, weak bases, and strong bases.