1. Agriculture Caty Brown

2. Agricultural Revolutions First Agricultural Revolution- Neolithic Revolution Saw the human development of seed agriculture and the use of animals in farming. 12000 years ago Replaced nomadic hunting-and-gathering life. Second Agricultural Revolution- Farming developed into feudal village structures Open lot system- where a large plot of community farmland that all the villagers worked to produce a crop to eat. Enclosure movement- gave individuals farmers their own plots of farmlands their own plots of land, making a major shift in agriculture.

3. Agriculture Agriculture- the deliberate cultivation of plants and animals for subsistent or economic gain. ◦It originated when humans began domesticating both plants and animals

4. Agriculture Agriculture Subsistent Agriculture- the production of food primarily for consumption by the producer. ◦Found in LDC’s Commercial Agriculture- Production of food primarily for sale. ◦Found in MDC’s

5. Types of Agriculture Vegetative Planting- Growing plants by cutting the roots off the parent plant ◦Direct cloning Seed Agriculture- Farming through planting seeds. ◦Practiced by most farmers today

6. Agricultural Hearths Carl Saucer’s theory of a vegetative hearth argues that the vegetative farming knowledge first originated in Southeast Asia. It then diffused north and east to China and Japan, and west to southwest Asia and the Mediterranean region. Other hearths were believed to have emerged through independent innovation in South America and Africa.

7. Shifting Cultivation Shifting Cultivation- is an agricultural system in which plots of land are cultivated temporarily, then abandoned and allowed to revert to their natural vegetation while the cultivator moves on to another plot. Slash and Burn Method- Clearing land by slashing vegetation by burning it.

8. Pastoral Nomads Pastoral nomads- are a form of subsistence agriculture based on the herding of domesticated animals. The word pastoral refers to sheep herding. It exists in dry climates where planting is impossible, primarily in the arid lands of North Africa, the Middle East, and Central Asia.

9. Intensive Subsistence Intensive agriculture is the primary subsistence pattern of large-scale, populous societies. It results in much more food being produced per acre compared to other subsistence patterns Found in Asia.

10. Plantation Farming Large Farm that specializes in commercial agriculture. Crops: Cotton, bananas, coffee, sugarcane, rubber, tobacco, cocoa, tea, palm oil, ect… Usually found in LDC’s but owned by MDC’s.

11. Agricultural Regions in MDC’s Can be divided into six main types Mixed(crops and livestock) Dairy, grain farming Livestock ranching Mediterranean agriculture Gardening and fruit culture Each type is specific to a certain area depending on the climate.

12. Von Thünen’s Model of Agriculture Shows how the distance from a City affects the choice of agriculture activity due to the price of land, price of transportation and how perishable the item is.

13. Von Thünen's Model of Agriculture First Zone- Market Gardening Activities ◦ Needs to grown close to market ◦Needs to minimized the cost to offset the expense of grown. Second Zone- Dairy Farming ◦Must also be close to market area ◦Needs to be close to the market to minimize the cost of transportation Third Zone- Livestock ◦Deliberate adding of weight to animals to increase sale price ◦Transportation costs are high due to weight.

14. Von Thünen's Model of Agriculture The Fourth Zone- Commercial Grain ◦Transfer Process from ground to market can be done quickly ◦No real manual labor Fifth Zone- Livestock Ranching ◦Uses the most land than any of the models ◦Transportations occurs sporadically throughout the year

15. Helpful Links http://www.proprofs.com/quiz- school/quizshow.php?title=ap-human- geography-agriculture- rubenstein_1&quesnum=7&showNextQ=y es http://www.proprofs.com/quiz- school/quizshow.php?title=ap-human- geography-agriculture- rubenstein_1&quesnum=7&showNextQ=y es http://quizlet.com/subject/ap-human- geography/ http://quizlet.com/subject/ap-human- geography/ http://teacherweb.com/VA/FrankWCoxHig hSchool/BelanKwiatkowski/links1.aspx http://teacherweb.com/VA/FrankWCoxHig hSchool/BelanKwiatkowski/links1.aspx ◦Link of links!! (linkception)