1. 1 November 4th, 2003 Vehicle Safety Communications Consortium Vehicle Safety Communications Project VSC Progress Briefing #2 – Task 4 Field Testing – Overview of Hardware and Software Test Track Results

2. 2 November 4th, 2003 Vehicle Safety Communications Consortium Outline Overview of Hardware and Software l Test Equipment and Interface l Format of Data/Findings Test Track Testing l Test Track Facilities l Static Results l Dynamic Results l Multipath Considerations l Conclusions

3. 3 November 4th, 2003 Vehicle Safety Communications Consortium Test Equipment l VSC Communication Test Kits (CTKs)  Laptops with 802.11a card  DGPS receivers  Magmount DSRC and DGPS antennas  Portable implementation

4. 4 November 4th, 2003 Vehicle Safety Communications Consortium CTK S/W v2.3 CTK S/W v2.7 DSRC Standard 25/50 mW default antenna input power settings Up to 100 mW programmable antenna input power Up to 750 mW variable antenna input power 5.15-5.35, 5.725-5.825 GHz 5.15-5.35, 5.725- 5.825, 5.85-5.925 GHz 5.85-5.925 GHz 20 MHz channel 10 MHz channel Real-time range N/A Unknown RSSI Real-time RSSI N/A Pre-set channel Selectable channel Channel switching Diversity antennas Diversity with manual override N/A IEEE 802.11 Ad hoc DSRC Ad hoc 6-54 Mbps 3-27 Mbps CTK Configuration

5. 5 November 4th, 2003 Vehicle Safety Communications Consortium CTK Sender Interface l Broadcast duration l Update rate l Packet size

6. 6 November 4th, 2003 Vehicle Safety Communications Consortium CTK Receiver Interface l Packet number l OS/GPS timestamp l DGPS location coordinates

7. 7 November 4th, 2003 Vehicle Safety Communications Consortium Outline Overview of Hardware and Software l Test Equipment and Interface l Format of Data/Findings Test Track Testing l Test Track Facilities l Static Results l Dynamic Results l Multipath Considerations l Conclusions

8. 8 November 4th, 2003 Vehicle Safety Communications Consortium Format of Data/Findings l Received packets (in green) l Lost packets (in red) l Received packets (in green)

9. 9 November 4th, 2003 Vehicle Safety Communications Consortium Format of Data/Findings l Packet number on left axis l Accumulated packets (in black) l Packet number on left axis

10. 10 November 4th, 2003 Vehicle Safety Communications Consortium Format of Data/Findings l Distance between antennas (in blue) l Distance value on right axis l Distance between antennas (in blue)

11. 11 November 4th, 2003 Vehicle Safety Communications Consortium Effect of GPS satellite obstruction

12. 12 November 4th, 2003 Vehicle Safety Communications Consortium Outline Overview of Hardware and Software l Test Equipment and Interface l Format of Data/Findings Test Track Testing l Test Track Facilities l Static Results l Dynamic Results l Multipath Considerations l Conclusions

13. 13 November 4th, 2003 Vehicle Safety Communications Consortium Test Track Facilities l Controlled environment l Two-lane test road l Straight-away with rural surroundings l Overhead bridge can disrupt GPS signal Overhead Bridge Test Track

14. 14 November 4th, 2003 Vehicle Safety Communications Consortium Outline Overview of Hardware and Software l Test Equipment and Interface l Format of Data/Findings Test Track Testing l Test Track Facilities l Static Results l Dynamic Results l Multipath Considerations l Conclusions x y z v 2 v 1 d y1 d x1 Sender Receiver Legend: Two Static Antennas

15. 15 November 4th, 2003 Vehicle Safety Communications Consortium Two Static Antennas l 200m range, 200 bytes, ~100 msec update rate l Direct Line of Sight (LoS), no packet loss x y z v1v1 v2v2 d y1 d x1

16. 16 November 4th, 2003 Vehicle Safety Communications Consortium Two Static Antennas l Obstructed LoS (stationary SUVs) l No packet loss at various distances

17. 17 November 4th, 2003 Vehicle Safety Communications Consortium Two Static Antennas l 35m range, obstructed LoS (large box truck) l Vehicles positioned laterally – no packet loss

18. 18 November 4th, 2003 Vehicle Safety Communications Consortium Two Static Antennas l 39m range, obstructed LoS (large box truck) l Positioned longitudinally – some loss of packets

19. 19 November 4th, 2003 Vehicle Safety Communications Consortium Outline Overview of Hardware and Software l Test Equipment and Interface l Format of Data/Findings Test Track Testing l Test Track Facilities l Static Results l Dynamic Results l Multipath Considerations l Conclusions ff v 2 x y z d y1 d x1 (RSU) 1 Legend: Sender Receiver One Dynamic Antenna (OBU) One Static Antenna (RSU) Obstructer

20. 20 November 4th, 2003 Vehicle Safety Communications Consortium One Dynamic, One Static Antenna l Receiving vehicle ~60 mph l No packet loss v1v1 d y1 d x1 x y z 

21. 21 November 4th, 2003 Vehicle Safety Communications Consortium One Dynamic, One Static Antenna l Transmitting vehicle ~60 mph l A few lost packets v2v2 x y z d y1 d x1 (RSU)

22. 22 November 4th, 2003 Vehicle Safety Communications Consortium One Dynamic, One Static Antenna l Transmitting vehicle ~20 mph l A few lost packets v2v2 x y z d y1 d x1 (RS U)

23. 23 November 4th, 2003 Vehicle Safety Communications Consortium One Dynamic, One Static Antenna l Receiving vehicle ~40 mph, with obstruction l No packet loss v1v1 d y1 d x1 

24. 24 November 4th, 2003 Vehicle Safety Communications Consortium One Dynamic, One Static Antenna l Transmitting vehicle ~40 mph, with obstruction l No packet loss

25. 25 November 4th, 2003 Vehicle Safety Communications Consortium Outline Overview of Hardware and Software l Test Equipment and Interface l Format of Data/Findings Test Track Testing l Test Track Facilities l Dynamic Results l Multipath Considerations l Static Results l Conclusions 1 Legend: Sender Receiver Obstructer Two Dynamic Antennas (OBUs)

26. 26 November 4th, 2003 Vehicle Safety Communications Consortium Two Dynamic Antennas l 2 vehicles ~ various speeds, same direction l Distances up to 150 m, no packet loss

27. 27 November 4th, 2003 Vehicle Safety Communications Consortium Two Dynamic Antennas l Various speeds, same direction, ~150 m range l Cut-in SUV, no packet loss

28. 28 November 4th, 2003 Vehicle Safety Communications Consortium Two Dynamic Antennas l Sender vehicle and SUV brake to a stop l Lost packets are likely due to SUV obstruction

29. 29 November 4th, 2003 Vehicle Safety Communications Consortium Two Dynamic Antennas l Receiver passes sender braking from 30 – 0 mph l Packet loss at ~ 90 m

30. 30 November 4th, 2003 Vehicle Safety Communications Consortium Two Dynamic Antennas l Sender and receiver pass at 50 mph l ~50 msec, 400 bytes, no packet loss

31. 31 November 4th, 2003 Vehicle Safety Communications Consortium Two Dynamic Antennas l Sender and receiver pass at 30 mph l Packet loss at ~ 90 m

32. 32 November 4th, 2003 Vehicle Safety Communications Consortium Outline Overview of Hardware and Software l Test Equipment and Interface l Format of Data/Findings Test Track Testing l Test Track Facilities l Static Results l Dynamic Results l Multipath Considerations l Conclusions

33. 33 November 4th, 2003 Vehicle Safety Communications Consortium Multipath Considerations l Two-Ray Ground Multipath Model E total = E D + E R (e j  ) E total = E D + E R (e j  ) E min = E D – E R when  = π E min = E D – E R when  = π D: Direct Line of Sight R: Reflected Line of Sight

34. 34 November 4th, 2003 Vehicle Safety Communications Consortium Multipath Considerations l Null spot found through slow-rolling test l Loss of packets between ~ 87 m and 94 m Track entrance SUV–sender stopped. Facing west LeSabre-receiver driving on the shoulder towards SUV. Facing East. overpass West

35. 35 November 4th, 2003 Vehicle Safety Communications Consortium Multipath Considerations l Steady state test at ~ 92 m null spot l Almost complete loss of packets

36. 36 November 4th, 2003 Vehicle Safety Communications Consortium Test Track Conclusions l Single-sender, single-receiver DSRC under direct LoS conditions is robust for a variety of vehicle-vehicle and vehicle-infrastructure safety applications l Some degree of packet loss, as expected u Multipath transmissions u Vehicle obstructing LoS l Range, update rate, and latency requirements for the Task 3 safety applications should be feasible l Areas for future study include: u Transmission power variation u Multi-sender, multi-receiver scenarios