2. Meristematic Tissue (where mitosis occurs) Responsible for growth in plant Produces new cells that will eventually specialize –↑ height = apical –↑ diameter= lateral

4. Surface Tissue Outer Layer = cuticle (waxy) Protects Plant and Prevents Water Loss

5. Parenchyma Tissue Thin-walled Cells Main functions –Photosynthesis –Storage

6. Sclerenchyme Tissue Thick-walled Cells Provide Shape & Support Able to Stand Upright

7. Vascular Tissue 1. Xylem = transports water  plant 2. Phloem = transports food & minerals -or-

8. Types of Meristems Where growth occurs at the tips of roots & stems 1.Apical Meristems: -Terminal/End -Upward Growth

9. 2. Lateral Meristems Where growth in diameter occurs located outside stems & roots – Vascular cambium Located between X & P Produces new vascular tissue – Cork cambium Located outside P Replaces outer layer root & stem Cork = dead cells to provide support & strength

10. Types of Growth in Plant Primary Growth: Apical Meristems Secondary Growth: Lateral Meristems

11. Importance of Roots 1.Anchors plant in soil 2.Absorbs/transports water & minerals 3.Stores excess food & water **live off during non-PS times**

12. Types of Roots 1.Primary Roots 2.Taproot 3.Fibrous Root 4.Aerial Root 5.Adventitious/Prop Root

13. Primary Root 1 st root which appears out of a seed

14. Taproot Primary root grows thicker and longer with secondary roots growing off of it Examples:

15. Fibrous Roots Primary root branches off into many smaller roots Example:

16. Aerial Roots Roots Exposed to Air Absorb Moisture Example: Spanish Moss

17. Adventitious/ Prop Roots Specialized roots which grow directly from the stem above ground Example:

18. Root Structure

19. Root Cap Hard protective layer Prevents breakage as pushes thru soil Secretes slimy lubrication

20. Root Hairs Increase surface area of root so more water and nutrients can be absorbed Main water entry point

21. Epidermis Waterproof outermost layer Protection

22. Cortex Many layers of parenchyma cells Store starch for energy Taproots have much more defined area

23. Endodermis Innermost cylinder of cortex-WATERPROOF Regulates movement of water & minerals into vascular tissue Endodermis

24. Stele/Vascular Tissue (innermost region of root) Contains xylem (always closer to center) & phloem Cross sections: **Monocots : forms a ring, Dicots: forms a cross** Endodermis

25. Pericycle Outermost layer of cells of the steele Goes through cell division creating root hairs Endodermis Pericycle