1. Horticulture 23 Oct 2015

2. ADVISORY 23 Sep 2015

3. Entry Task
Take out…
Study Guide

4. Agenda Entry Task Learning Objectives Housekeeping Group Text Analysis
Greenhouse

5. Quiz 4 Clear off your desks. Remember this is an exam. No talking.
Keep your eyes on your own paper.
Do not write on the question sheet.
When you are finished:
Place the question sheet and your answer sheet on the front table face down.
Read “Plant Organs and Their Functions” in your packet.
- Roots
Learned.
Primary producers create energy-rich carbohydrates through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.
Consumers get their energy from eating other organisms.
Food Chain on Page 73, Figure 3-7.
In terrestrial food chains the primary producers consist of plants
In marine food chains primary producers are a mixture of floating algae and phytoplankton.

6. Housekeeping Quiz 4 tomorrow, 24 Nov. Collect study guide
Half day on Wednesday, 25 Nov.
Schedule posted
Turn in notebooks
Turkey Day Holiday, 26 & 27 Nov.
NO SCHOOL

7. Learning Objective(s)
Investigate the structures and functions of plant tissues, and factors affecting plant growth.
Examine the diversity of vascular plants, including their structures, internal transport systems, and their role in maintaining biodiversity.
Food Web on Page 75, Figure 3-9.
What do you notice about this food web?
What does the orange arrows represent?
In the food chain decomposers and detritivores are as important as other consumers.
- Misconception: decomposers chemically break down organic matter
whereas detritivores consume small particle of soil consisting of dead
and decaying matter as well as decomposers (ex. composting).
What would happen if we removed the Pig Frog from the food web?
- What would we call this food web since we are making predictions about
population interactions?

8. Plant Organs & Their Functions
Food Web on Page 75, Figure 3-9.
What do you notice about this food web?
What does the orange arrows represent?
In the food chain decomposers and detritivores are as important as other consumers.
- Misconception: decomposers chemically break down organic matter
whereas detritivores consume small particle of soil consisting of dead
and decaying matter as well as decomposers (ex. composting).
What would happen if we removed the Pig Frog from the food web?
- What would we call this food web since we are making predictions about
population interactions?

9. Plant Structure and Function
Plant Cell Types
Parenchyma
Collenchyma
Sclerenchyma
Plant Tissues
Meristematic
Dermal
Ground
Vascular
Food Web on Page 75, Figure 3-9.
What do you notice about this food web?
What does the orange arrows represent?
In the food chain decomposers and detritivores are as important as other consumers.
- Misconception: decomposers chemically break down organic matter
whereas detritivores consume small particle of soil consisting of dead
and decaying matter as well as decomposers (ex. composting).
What would happen if we removed the Pig Frog from the food web?
- What would we call this food web since we are making predictions about
population interactions?

10. Plant Structure and Function
Plant Organs
Roots
Stems
Leaves
Plant Transport
Water
Nutrients
Compare & Contrast Monocots & Dicots
Food Web on Page 75, Figure 3-9.
What do you notice about this food web?
What does the orange arrows represent?
In the food chain decomposers and detritivores are as important as other consumers.
- Misconception: decomposers chemically break down organic matter
whereas detritivores consume small particle of soil consisting of dead
and decaying matter as well as decomposers (ex. composting).
What would happen if we removed the Pig Frog from the food web?
- What would we call this food web since we are making predictions about
population interactions?

11. Roots Roots serve 3 functions:
They take in water and dissolved minerals
They anchor the plant
They store carbohydrates, water, & other nutrients
Food Web on Page 75, Figure 3-9.
What do you notice about this food web?
What does the orange arrows represent?
In the food chain decomposers and detritivores are as important as other consumers.
- Misconception: decomposers chemically break down organic matter
whereas detritivores consume small particle of soil consisting of dead
and decaying matter as well as decomposers (ex. composting).
What would happen if we removed the Pig Frog from the food web?
- What would we call this food web since we are making predictions about
population interactions?

12. Roots
In dryer climates they can go as deep as 50m.
The root system can be so large that it makes up more than half the plant’s mass.
Most plant roots grow 0.5m – 5m down into the soil.
- Into what layer of soil?
- Subsoil
Food Web on Page 75, Figure 3-9.
What do you notice about this food web?
What does the orange arrows represent?
In the food chain decomposers and detritivores are as important as other consumers.
- Misconception: decomposers chemically break down organic matter
whereas detritivores consume small particle of soil consisting of dead
and decaying matter as well as decomposers (ex. composting).
What would happen if we removed the Pig Frog from the food web?
- What would we call this food web since we are making predictions about
population interactions?

13. Roots
The root system can be so large that it makes up more than half the plant’s mass.
Other plants have relatively shallow branching roots.
- 15m in all directions
Food Web on Page 75, Figure 3-9.
What do you notice about this food web?
What does the orange arrows represent?
In the food chain decomposers and detritivores are as important as other consumers.
- Misconception: decomposers chemically break down organic matter
whereas detritivores consume small particle of soil consisting of dead
and decaying matter as well as decomposers (ex. composting).
What would happen if we removed the Pig Frog from the food web?
- What would we call this food web since we are making predictions about
population interactions?

14. Roots Root structure and function Root Cap
- Covers the tip of the root
- Made of parenchyma cells
- Protects growing tissue as root extends into the ground
- Produces slimy substance that helps reduce friction
Food Web on Page 75, Figure 3-9.
What do you notice about this food web?
What does the orange arrows represent?
In the food chain decomposers and detritivores are as important as other consumers.
- Misconception: decomposers chemically break down organic matter
whereas detritivores consume small particle of soil consisting of dead
and decaying matter as well as decomposers (ex. composting).
What would happen if we removed the Pig Frog from the food web?
- What would we call this food web since we are making predictions about
population interactions?

15. Roots Root structure and function Apical meristem
- Produces new cells that develop into different tissues
- Replaces cells removed by friction
- Increase the length of the root
Food Web on Page 75, Figure 3-9.
What do you notice about this food web?
What does the orange arrows represent?
In the food chain decomposers and detritivores are as important as other consumers.
- Misconception: decomposers chemically break down organic matter
whereas detritivores consume small particle of soil consisting of dead
and decaying matter as well as decomposers (ex. composting).
What would happen if we removed the Pig Frog from the food web?
- What would we call this food web since we are making predictions about
population interactions?

16. Roots Outer Root Layers Dermal Tissue
- Epidermal cells produces root hairs increasing surface area to absorb water & minerals
Cortex
- Transports & stores water, minerals, & food
- All materials must pass through the cortex to enter the vascular tissue
Food Web on Page 75, Figure 3-9.
What do you notice about this food web?
What does the orange arrows represent?
In the food chain decomposers and detritivores are as important as other consumers.
- Misconception: decomposers chemically break down organic matter
whereas detritivores consume small particle of soil consisting of dead
and decaying matter as well as decomposers (ex. composting).
What would happen if we removed the Pig Frog from the food web?
- What would we call this food web since we are making predictions about
population interactions?

17. Roots Outer Root Layers Endodermis - Inside edge of the cortex
- Surrounded by waterproof band (“Caspirian Strip”)
- Acts as a control point for materials entering the vascular system.
Food Web on Page 75, Figure 3-9.
What do you notice about this food web?
What does the orange arrows represent?
In the food chain decomposers and detritivores are as important as other consumers.
- Misconception: decomposers chemically break down organic matter
whereas detritivores consume small particle of soil consisting of dead
and decaying matter as well as decomposers (ex. composting).
What would happen if we removed the Pig Frog from the food web?
- What would we call this food web since we are making predictions about
population interactions?

18. Roots Inner Root Layers Center of the root Vascular tissues - Xylem
- Phloem
- Arrangement is different in monocots & dicots
Food Web on Page 75, Figure 3-9.
What do you notice about this food web?
What does the orange arrows represent?
In the food chain decomposers and detritivores are as important as other consumers.
- Misconception: decomposers chemically break down organic matter
whereas detritivores consume small particle of soil consisting of dead
and decaying matter as well as decomposers (ex. composting).
What would happen if we removed the Pig Frog from the food web?
- What would we call this food web since we are making predictions about
population interactions?

19. Roots Inner Root Layers Monocots
- Xylem forms rings around central core
- Core of the cells is called the “pith”
- Phloem cells surrounds the xylem
Dicots
- Xylem forms an X or star shape
- Phloem cells are between the arms of the star
Food Web on Page 75, Figure 3-9.
What do you notice about this food web?
What does the orange arrows represent?
In the food chain decomposers and detritivores are as important as other consumers.
- Misconception: decomposers chemically break down organic matter
whereas detritivores consume small particle of soil consisting of dead
and decaying matter as well as decomposers (ex. composting).
What would happen if we removed the Pig Frog from the food web?
- What would we call this food web since we are making predictions about
population interactions?

20. Roots Types of Root Systems Taproot
- Thick root with smaller lateral branching roots
- Some plant use taproot to store food (carrots)
Fibrous Root
- Many smaller branching roots
- Usually the same size & grow from a central point
- Some modified to provide extra support or store food
- Some aquatic plant roots have aerenchyma (spongy tissue that allows the passage of oxygen)
Food Web on Page 75, Figure 3-9.
What do you notice about this food web?
What does the orange arrows represent?
In the food chain decomposers and detritivores are as important as other consumers.
- Misconception: decomposers chemically break down organic matter
whereas detritivores consume small particle of soil consisting of dead
and decaying matter as well as decomposers (ex. composting).
What would happen if we removed the Pig Frog from the food web?
- What would we call this food web since we are making predictions about
population interactions?

21. Question Worksheet Stems Leaves
Differentiating Flowering Plants: Dicots & Monocots
* Posted on webpage under /Horticulture Assignments
Food Web on Page 75, Figure 3-9.
What do you notice about this food web?
What does the orange arrows represent?
In the food chain decomposers and detritivores are as important as other consumers.
- Misconception: decomposers chemically break down organic matter
whereas detritivores consume small particle of soil consisting of dead
and decaying matter as well as decomposers (ex. composting).
What would happen if we removed the Pig Frog from the food web?
- What would we call this food web since we are making predictions about
population interactions?

22. Stems
Many types from soft & flexible (herbaceous) to hard & rigid (woody).
Annuals are herbaceous and contain chloroplasts for performing photosynthesis
Perennials
Dicots
- Xylem forms an X or star shape
- Phloem cells are between the arms of the star
Food Web on Page 75, Figure 3-9.
What do you notice about this food web?
What does the orange arrows represent?
In the food chain decomposers and detritivores are as important as other consumers.
- Misconception: decomposers chemically break down organic matter
whereas detritivores consume small particle of soil consisting of dead
and decaying matter as well as decomposers (ex. composting).
What would happen if we removed the Pig Frog from the food web?
- What would we call this food web since we are making predictions about
population interactions?

23. Transport in Plants
Water and dissolved nutrients move through plants by 3 processes.
Diffusion
Osmosis
Active Transport
Food Web on Page 75, Figure 3-9.
What do you notice about this food web?
What does the orange arrows represent?
In the food chain decomposers and detritivores are as important as other consumers.
- Misconception: decomposers chemically break down organic matter
whereas detritivores consume small particle of soil consisting of dead
and decaying matter as well as decomposers (ex. composting).
What would happen if we removed the Pig Frog from the food web?
- What would we call this food web since we are making predictions about
population interactions?

24. Transport in Plants Diffusion
Net movement of particles from area of high concentration to low concentration.
Occurs till the concentration of both side is equal.
Osmosis
Movement of water molecules to either side of membrane until concentration is balanced
Food Web on Page 75, Figure 3-9.
What do you notice about this food web?
What does the orange arrows represent?
In the food chain decomposers and detritivores are as important as other consumers.
- Misconception: decomposers chemically break down organic matter
whereas detritivores consume small particle of soil consisting of dead
and decaying matter as well as decomposers (ex. composting).
What would happen if we removed the Pig Frog from the food web?
- What would we call this food web since we are making predictions about
population interactions?

25. Transport in Plants Active Transport
Active movement of sugars & nutrients across cell membranes
Requires energy
Food Web on Page 75, Figure 3-9.
What do you notice about this food web?
What does the orange arrows represent?
In the food chain decomposers and detritivores are as important as other consumers.
- Misconception: decomposers chemically break down organic matter
whereas detritivores consume small particle of soil consisting of dead
and decaying matter as well as decomposers (ex. composting).
What would happen if we removed the Pig Frog from the food web?
- What would we call this food web since we are making predictions about
population interactions?

26. Transport in Xylem
Xylem transports water through the roots up to the stem by osmosis.
Within the stem water moves by diffusion.
Long distance transport in plants is accomplished by 2 processes.
Root pressure = positive pressure = pushing
Transpirational pull = negative pressure = pulling
Food Web on Page 75, Figure 3-9.
What do you notice about this food web?
What does the orange arrows represent?
In the food chain decomposers and detritivores are as important as other consumers.
- Misconception: decomposers chemically break down organic matter
whereas detritivores consume small particle of soil consisting of dead
and decaying matter as well as decomposers (ex. composting).
What would happen if we removed the Pig Frog from the food web?
- What would we call this food web since we are making predictions about
population interactions?

27. Transport in Xylem Root Pressure
Mechanism that pushes water & minerals up the plant.
Occurs because of positive pressure.
Guttation
- process where droplets form on leaves due to high root pressure, humidity & low rate of transpiration.
Food Web on Page 75, Figure 3-9.
What do you notice about this food web?
What does the orange arrows represent?
In the food chain decomposers and detritivores are as important as other consumers.
- Misconception: decomposers chemically break down organic matter
whereas detritivores consume small particle of soil consisting of dead
and decaying matter as well as decomposers (ex. composting).
What would happen if we removed the Pig Frog from the food web?
- What would we call this food web since we are making predictions about
population interactions?

28. Transport in Xylem
Minerals move into roots against the concentration gradient through active transport.
The higher concentration of dissolved minerals causes more water to move in by osmosis.
Creating positive pressure
Food Web on Page 75, Figure 3-9.
What do you notice about this food web?
What does the orange arrows represent?
In the food chain decomposers and detritivores are as important as other consumers.
- Misconception: decomposers chemically break down organic matter
whereas detritivores consume small particle of soil consisting of dead
and decaying matter as well as decomposers (ex. composting).
What would happen if we removed the Pig Frog from the food web?
- What would we call this food web since we are making predictions about
population interactions?

29. Transport in Xylem Transpirational Pull
Creates negative pressure the strongest force for long distance transport of water & dissolved minerals.
Transpiration = loss of water due to evaporation through the stomata of the leaves.
Cohesion = force of attraction between water molecules.
Adhesion = water molecules adhere, or stick, to the xylem walls.
Food Web on Page 75, Figure 3-9.
What do you notice about this food web?
What does the orange arrows represent?
In the food chain decomposers and detritivores are as important as other consumers.
- Misconception: decomposers chemically break down organic matter
whereas detritivores consume small particle of soil consisting of dead
and decaying matter as well as decomposers (ex. composting).
What would happen if we removed the Pig Frog from the food web?
- What would we call this food web since we are making predictions about
population interactions?

30. Transport in Phloem Translocation
Transport of sucrose & other organic molecules through the phloem.
Food Web on Page 75, Figure 3-9.
What do you notice about this food web?
What does the orange arrows represent?
In the food chain decomposers and detritivores are as important as other consumers.
- Misconception: decomposers chemically break down organic matter
whereas detritivores consume small particle of soil consisting of dead
and decaying matter as well as decomposers (ex. composting).
What would happen if we removed the Pig Frog from the food web?
- What would we call this food web since we are making predictions about
population interactions?

31. Leaves
Minerals move into roots against the concentration gradient through active transport.
Food Web on Page 75, Figure 3-9.
What do you notice about this food web?
What does the orange arrows represent?
In the food chain decomposers and detritivores are as important as other consumers.
- Misconception: decomposers chemically break down organic matter
whereas detritivores consume small particle of soil consisting of dead
and decaying matter as well as decomposers (ex. composting).
What would happen if we removed the Pig Frog from the food web?
- What would we call this food web since we are making predictions about
population interactions?

32. Exit Tickets
What are chloroplasts? Explain their importance to plants.