1. CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISMS WHAT DO WE LOOK AT?

2. We first look at the type of cell it has. PROKARYOTIC CELLS (Bacteria-Kingdoms Archaebacteria and Eubacteria; Does not have a nucleus) VS EUKARYOTIC CELL (Found in the Protist, Fungi, Plant and Animal Kingdom; has a nucleus)

3. EUKARYOTIC CELL PROKARYOTIC CELL HAS A NUCLEUS WITH DNA INSIDE HAS NO NUCLEUS BUT HAS DNA WHICH IS FOUND IN THE CELL

4. PROTIST FUNGI PROTST ARCHAEBACTERIA/EUBACTERIA SOME PROTIST

5. Specialized Cell Parts Bacteria- have a type of cell wall that are made mostly of a chemical called peptidoglycan Plant- like Protist have cell walls with cellulose Fungi- cell walls with chemical chitin in it Plants have cell walls with chemical cellulose in it. Also have chloroplasts with chemical green pigment called chlorophyll.

6. Method of Nutrition Autotrophic vs Heterotrophic CAN MAKE OWN FOOD WITHIN IT’S BODY ARE PRODUCERS MAKES IT FOOD EITHER THROUGH: PHOTOSYNTHESIS USING LIGHT OR CHEMOSYNTHESIS USING CHEMICALS MOST ARE GREEN IN COLOR DUE TO THE CHLOROPLAST THAT HAS A CHEMICAL CALLED CHLOROPHYLL KINGDOMS: PLANT KINGDOM-photosynthesis PLANT-LIKE PROTISTS KINGDOM- photosynthesis SOME ARCHAEBACTERIA-photosynthesis and some chemosynthesis SOME EUBACTERIA CALLED CYANOBACTERIA-photosynthesis Some Eubacteria makes food through chemosynthesis CANNOT MAKE IT’S OWN FOOD HAS TO GET FOOD FROM ANOTHER SOURCE ARE CONSUMERS Fungi Kingdom have hyphae that help move substances quickly as they decompose. KINGDOMS: SOME PROTISTS KINGDOM ANIMAL-LIKE PROTISTS FUNGUS-LIKE PROTISTS ALL FUNGUS KINGDOM SOME ARCHAEBACTERIA SOME EUBACTERIA ALL OF ANIMAL KINGDOM-carnivore, omnivore, herbivore with the correct type of teeth.

7. Types/Names of organisms in each Kingdom Archaebacteria- methanogens, halophiles, thermoacidophiles Eubacteria – Saprohyte feed on dead organisms – Cyanobacteria-blue-green algae – Nitrogen fixing bacteria – Streptococcus bacteria – strep – Staphylococcus aureus- staph infection – Lactobacillus makes yougurt/cheese Bacteria have 3 shapes: Coccus (round), Bacillus (rod), Spirillum (spiral shape)

8. Archaebacteria Bacteria found in extreme conditions. Classified according to where they live or how they get energy.

9. Eubacteria Bacteria Cyanobacteria

10. Saprophyte – Organism uses dead organisms as food and energy source. Aerobe – Organisms that use oxygen to break down food and obtain energy through respiration. Anaerobe – Organism that is adapted to live without oxygen. Bacteria that live in the intestines of animals/humans.

11. Where do bacteria live? Bacteria live almost everywhere. Air Food On your skin Inside your body Underground Bottom of the oceans

12. Types/names continued Protist – Divided into 3 groups- Plant-like (algae, euglenas, diatoms (used in toothpaste, reflective paint); dinoflagellates-cause red tide;) Animal-like- (most move like amoebas, paramecium; some do not move like Fungus-like (downy mildew (caused the Irish potato famine), water molds, slime mold)

13. Plant-like protist -Diatoms used in toothpaste and glass, reflective paint.

14. -Dinoflagellates can cause Red Tide -Euglenas have both plant and animal like characteristics - Red, green and brown algae –excellent food source for aquatic animals

15. Animal-like Protist (Protozoa) – Ciliates –ex. Paramecium – Flagellates- move with flagella – Pseudopods-ex. Amoebas (some can cause dysentery) – Sporozoans- animal-like that cannot move by themselves, live in a host (ex. Plasmodium lives in mosquito and can cause malaria)

16. Types/Names of Organism Fungi – Divided into four phylums Sac Fungi-yeast, morels, truffles Club fungi- mushrooms, puff balls, rusts Zygote fungi-mold that grows on fruit and bread Imperfect fungi-penicillium

17. Fungus

19. Types/Names of Organism Plantae – Divided into Divisions instead of phylums – Non Vascular-have no vessels to transport materials: mosses, liverworts, worts – Vascular have vascular vessels to transport water and food throughout the plant. Seedless plants-, horsetails, club mosses, ferns Seeded plants: – Angiosperms- flowering plants and fruit – Gymnosperms- are plants that produce seeds not protected by fruit. Ex. Conifers, pines, spruce

20. Seedless Non-Vascular Plants Mosses Liverworts Hornworts

21. Vascular Seedless Plants Ferns Horsetails

22. Vascular Seed Plants Gymnosperms like Conifers

23. Vascular Seed Plants Angiosperms

24. Types/Names of Organism continued Animal Kingdom – Move from place to place for most part Divided into Invertebrates (no backbone) /(8 phylums)and Vertebrates (chordates) divided into 5 classes – Chordates-5 classes Fish Amphibian Reptiles Birds Mammals See Animal Phylogeny Chart

25. ANIMAL PHYLOGENY ANIMAL KINGDOM INVERTEBRATES VERTEBRATES (chordates) Porifera Cnidarians Flatworms Roundworms Ectotherms Endotherms Fish Amphibians Reptiles Mollusca Annelids Arthropods Birds Mammals (segmented Gastropods worms) Insects Bivalves (pelecypod) Myriapoda Cephalopods Crustaceans Arachnids ECHINODERMATA SEA STARS SEA CUCUMBERS SEA URCHINS SAND DOLLARS Platyhelminthes Nematoda Coelenterata

26. ASEXUAL VS SEXUAL REPRODUCTION REQUIRES ONLY 1 ORGANISM FISSION BUDDING REGENERATION KINGDOMS: ARCHAEBACTERIA-fission EUBACTERIA-fission ( Fission is a process that produces two new cells with genetic material identical to each other. Fission is the simplest form of asexual reproduction.) SOME PROTIST KINGDOM SOME FUNGI KINDOM SOME PLANT KINDOMS SOME ANIMAL KINGDOM-SIMPLE ANIMALS like sponge, coral, starfish REQUIRES 2 ORGANISM –MALE AND FEMALE Sperm and Egg KINGDOMS: ALL KINGDOMS REPRODUCE SEXUALLY