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REFORMING HIGHER EDUCATION IN EUROPE – CONTEXT AND BACKGROUND Sjur Bergan Head, Dept. of Higher Education and History Teaching Council of Europe
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MAIN PURPOSES OF HIGHER EDUCATION Preparation for the labor market Preparation for life as active citizens in democratic societies Personal development Development and maintenance of a broad, advanced knowledge base
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SOME KEY CHARACTERISTICS Development of common goals and policies: Bologna Process Increased demands for relevance to society No corresponding increase in public funding Mission of HE: teaching, research and service to society Division of labor between institutions Emphasis on quality HE not “once in a lifetime experience” Equal opportunities and social cohesion
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EUROPEAN HIGHER EDUCATION AREA Process toward 2010 (Bologna Process) Same target date for all members regardless of when they joined the Process Actors: –Ministries of Education (currently 45 countries) –Higher education institutions –Students –International organizations
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MAIN POINTS BOLOGNA Increase attractiveness Increase transparency Increase mobility Facilitate recognition Adapt HE to labor market Reform degree system Role of HE in democratic societies, especially SE Europe
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MAIN POINTS PRAHA Democratic values Diversity of cultures and languages Diversity of higher education systems Higher education as a public good and public responsibility Student participation Lifelong learning Quality assurance
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MAIN POINTS BERLIN New countries beyond EU framework Change access criteria –Cultural Convention –Requirement: outline reform policies and commitment Stock taking Research Qualifications framework
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MAIN POINTS BERGEN Truly pan-European process with 45 countries Overarching qualifications framework Standards for quality assurance Social dimension External dimension Stocktaking Relationship HE policies/other areas of public policy Emphasis on implementation
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TOWARD 2007: WORKING GROUPS Stock taking Qualifications framework “External dimension” Social dimension and academic mobility [London communiqué drafting group] Portability of student loans?
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TOWARD 2007: NATIONAL LEVEL I Qualifications framework –Elaborate national QF by 2010, launch work by 2007 Quality assurance –Implement guidelines adopted in Bergen Social dimension –Commitment to equal access Mobility –Intensify efforts to lift obstacles
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TOWARD 2007: NATIONAL LEVEL II Recognition –Ensure full implementation of the principles of the Lisboa Convention –National action plan –Joint degrees Stock taking –National report
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SOME ISSUES FOR LONDON AND BEYOND The EHEA after 2010: what do we want it to be like? Quality development and the role of institutions Higher education governance First degree in the labor market Second degree: variety and coherence Mobility HE policies and other public policies
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ULTIMATE CHALLENGE How can higher education help develop sustainable societies? –Social/societal sustainability –Economic sustainability –Environmental sustainability How can higher education reform help this goal?
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