1. Physical Geology Chapter 1

2. Earth Science Study of the earth and its place in the universe Causes of natural events can be discovered through observation and/or experimentation Chinese earthquakes in 780 BCE Greek rocks in 200 BCE Mayan celestial observations (calendar)

3. Branches Oceanography Meteorology Astronomy Environmental Science GEOLOGY

4. Oceanography Study waves, tides, currents, floor and water itself ¾ of surface Relatively new

5. Meteorology A study of Atmospheric conditions,i.e., weather Relatively new Relatively accurate

6. Astronomy The universe beyond the earth of which it is a part Practical results Ancient study –Calendars –Zodiac –Other constellations

7. Environmental Science Study of how humans interact with their environment, especially the abiotic Practical (helps us to survive)

8. Geology Study of origin, history, processes, and structure of the earth Ancient study Very practical –Equipment –Resources –Prediction

9. Geology Impacts Past environments Availability of resources Understand and interact properly and safely with environment –Roads, buildings, other structures –Conservation and preservation Natural forces –Volcanoes and earthquakes

10. Goal of Science Explain natural phenomena Use observation, based upon predictability of nature Use experimentation Pure science vs. applied science Improve quality of life

11. <Ask a question? Go together< Whether conclusion is right or wrong

12. Observations lead to questions

13. Research may help

14. A hypothesis is a tentative answer

16. Experiments test hypotheses

18. Experimental components Variable – something that changes in a controlled experiment Independent variable – controlled by you Dependent variable – change as a result Control – standard for comparison with no variables Experiment – control plus a variable Data/observations – information or results collected from experimentation

19. Draw a conclusion based upon your results

21. If successful, results should be repeatable. If not successful, a new hypothesis may be necessary, with testing and conclusion to follow

23. <Ask a question? Go together< Whether conclusion is right or wrong

24. Metrics – How the world measures Except U.S. and Burkina-Faso Current form is the S.I. (Systeme Internationale Easier than Imperial or English Based on units of 10

28. Measurement Vocabulary Accuracy – how close measurement is to true value Precision – exactness of value Error – amount of imprecision or variation % Error – (accepted value minus experimental value divided by accepted value) multiplied by 100 Confidence interval – range of values for a set % of measurements

29. Models To simulate conditions in the natural world A description, representation, or imitation of an object, system, process, or concept Give an example of a –Physical model –Graphical model –Conceptual model –Mathematical model –Computer model

30. Scientific Conclusions Published or presented Peer review Development of theory (a consistent explanation that is repeatable) Support from other disciplines?