1. General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Fourth Edition Karen Timberlake 2.3 Classification of Matter Chapter 2 Energy and Matter © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Lectures

2. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 2, Section 3 2 Matter Pure Substance Mixture Matter  is anything that has mass and occupies space.  makes up the things we see everyday, such as water, wood, cooking pans, clothes, and shoes.  can be classified as a pure substance or mixture.

3. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 2, Section 3 3 Pure Substances Pure Substance Compound – two or more elements chemically combined Element – one type of atom A pure substance  has a fixed or constant composition.  can be classified as an element or compound.

4. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 2, Section 3 4 Elements Elements are pure substances that contain atoms of only one type. Examples: copper (Cu) lead (Pb) aluminum (Al)

5. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 2, Section 3 5 Compounds Compounds contain two or more elements that are chemically combined in a definite ratio. Examples: salt (NaCl) table sugar (C 12 H 22 O 11 ) water (H 2 O)

6. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 2, Section 3 6 Elements in a Compound Table salt is a compound that contains the elements sodium and chlorine.

7. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 2, Section 3 7 Mixtures A mixture is matter that consists of  two or more substances that are physically mixed, not chemically combined.  a composition that is not constant.  substances that can be separated by physical methods.

8. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 2, Section 3 8 Physical Separation of A Mixture The physical separation of a mixture  involves only physical changes.  occurs when pasta and water are separated with a strainer.

9. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 2, Section 3 9 Separation of A Mixture in Lab The physical separation of a mixture in a chemistry lab may include:  filtration  chromatography

10. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 2, Section 3 10 Types of Mixtures Mixtures Heterogeneous Mixture – Not uniform Homogeneous Mixture – Uniform Mixtures are  classified by their composition.  called homogeneous when they are uniform.  called heterogeneous when they are not uniform.

11. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 2, Section 3 11 Homogeneous Mixtures In a homogeneous mixture, the  composition is uniform throughout, and  different parts of the mixture are not visible.

12. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 2, Section 3 12 Heterogeneous Mixtures In a heterogeneous mixture, the  composition is not uniform; it varies from one part of the mixture to another, and  different parts of the mixture are visible.

13. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 2, Section 3 13 Classification of Matter Matter is organized by its components: elements, compounds, and mixtures.

14. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 2, Section 3 14 Identify each of the following as a pure substance or a mixture. A. pasta and tomato sauce B. aluminum foil C. helium D. air Learning Check

15. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 2, Section 3 15 Identify each of the following as a pure substance or a mixture. A. pasta and tomato saucemixture B. aluminum foilpure substance C. helium pure substance D. air mixture Solution

16. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 2, Section 3 16 Identify each of the following as a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture. A. hot fudge sundae B. a clear shampoo C. sugar water D. peach pie Learning Check

17. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 2, Section 3 17 Solution Identify each of the following as a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture. A. hot fudge sundaeheterogeneous mixture B. a clear shampoo homogeneous mixture C. sugar water homogeneous mixture D. peach pie heterogeneous mixture