1. Introduction of RFID Presented by Group 2
Group member: Ailane Mohamed Toufik, Aouaidjia Kamel, Li Lu, Mohammed Salam Mohammed Ali, Touati Mohamed Tamim, Xiaofeng Hou, Yanan Xu

2. Before we begin to introduce RFID, let’s see a video first

3. What is RFID?
Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is the wireless use of electromagnetic fields to transfer data, for the purposes of automatically identifying and tracking tags attached to objects. 
The definition of RFID

4. Content History of RFID Principle of RFID communication RFID around us
Similar technologies
Challenges of widely adopting RFID
The list of all we’ll talk about

5. Content History of RFID Principle of RFID communication RFID around us
Similar technologies
Challenges of widely adopting RFID

6. History of RFID
First the history of RFID

7. History of RFID
The developing trend of RFID

8. Content History of RFID Principle of RFID communication RFID around us
Similar technologies
Challenges of widely adopting RFID

9. Principles of RFID communication
Second, the basic principle of RFID

10. RFID Tags A paper label with RFID inside
Main component of RFID system: 1. tags, it is composed of an antenna and a microchip containing a small amount of data, then outside there is the encapsulation
an antenna, printed, etched or stamped ...
… and a chip attached to it
… on a substrate
e.g. a plastic
foil ...

11. RFID Tags

12. RFID Tags Tags are divided into three groups
Based on power type, there are five types of tags

13. RFID Readers
Main component of RFID systems: 2. RFID readers, Consists of an RF module, a control unit, and a coupling element to interrogate tags via RF communication
Functions: – Remotely power tags
– Establish a bidirectional data link
– Inventory tags, filter results
– Communicate with networked server(s)
– Can read tags per second

14. RFID Antenna & Database
Both tags and readers contain one or more antennas.
RFID databases associate tag-identifying data with arbitrary records. These records may contain product information, tracking logs, sales data, or expiration dates. Independent databases may be built throughout a supply chain by unrelated users, or may be integrated in a centralized or federated database system.

15. Principles of RFID communication
The basic principle of RFID

16. Operating Frequency
Classified by frequency

17. Characteristics of RFID:
Large storage capacity.
Information can be read from a distance that reaches 200 meters.
RFID can operate in multiple environments (Darkness, water …).
RFID is easy to use and suitable for automatic information.

18. Content History of RFID Principle of RFID communication RFID around us
Similar technologies
Challenges of widely adopting RFID

19. RFID around us Third, the application of RFID: 1. storage 2. Shopping
3. library

20. RFID around us Third, the application of RFID: 1. storage
2. Identification
3. Access control

21. RFID around us Attendee Tracking Race timing IT Asset Tracking
Laundry Management
RTLS (Real Time Location System) …

22. Content History of RFID Principle of RFID communication RFID around us
Similar technologies
Challenges of widely adopting RFID

23. Similar technologies
There are many similar technologies with RFID in many applications:
--Barcode & QRcode
--Magnetic Stripe Cards
--Smart Cards
--SIM Cards
--Biometric
Then the comparison of RFID and other similar technologies

24. Barcode & QRcode
Represent data by varying the widths and spacings of parallel lines, which may be crossed or uncrossed.

25. Magnetic Stripe Cards Cards Contents on the cards Card Reader
Store data by modifying the magnetism of tiny iron-based magnetic particles on a band of magnetic material on the card.
Used in financial cards generally, as well as in driver's licenses of some countries.
Cards
Contents on the cards
Card Reader

26. Smart Cards Cards Card reader
Is any pocket-sized card with embedded integrated circuits.
Widely used in financial cards, ID cards, access control and so on for its flexibility, reservation and many other good qualities.
Cards
Card reader

27. SIM Cards Cards Components of the card Card reader Cards
Customized service of smart cards.
Mainly used in mobile devices, i.e. mobile phones, as well as financial cards.
Cards
Components of the card
Card reader
Cards

28. Biometric Eyes recognition Fingerprint recognition Face recognition
Use human characteristics for access control, identification and other purpose similarly.
A controversial technology for it is unknown to human health. Besides, it is merely impossible to recover the relative data once it is lost or disappearing.
Eyes recognition
Fingerprint recognition
Face recognition
palm recognition

29. Comparison of Similar technologies
Strengths
Weaknesses
Barcode & QRcode
Low-cost, simple
Easy to be copied
Magnetic Strip Card
Used widely
A mature technology
Limited security
Smart Card
Flexible, Memorable
Ineffective for low-cost applications
RFID
Simple, effective
Data without encryption
SIM Card
Customized service
Limited apps scenarios
Biometric
High-security
Hard to be recovered
Each of them has individual application scenarios. It hard to say which is the best or worst. For example, if we only use RFID, which is without data encryption for financial cards, it will make unbelievable loss of financial data. In reverse, Smart cards are high-cost for library systems or stores than Barcode or RAID.
Besides, there are applications, which combine some or all of them to get better abilities.

30. Content History of RFID Principle of RFID communication RFID around us
Similar technologies
Challenges of widely adopting RFID

31. Challenges of widely adopting RFID
security problem surrounding the privacy of data captured –the characteristics associated with nature of RFID.
Solution:
Tag deactivation and encryption
Mutual authentication
Detection in tag own ship
Encryption/rewriting & hiding/blocking tags …
Finally the challenges

32. Challenges of widely adopting RFID
Other anomalies:
--Error-prone data
--Duplicate readings when data is observed twice rather than once
-- Missing readings
--…
Solution:
Positioning the tags at the front
Use of weight …
Finally the challenges

33. The future of RFID(Conclusion)
In one hand, because of the raising controversies regarding the health impact on the human body (scientific studies have proven the danger of the radio waves on health) Besides, supermarkets are not widely investing in the RFID simply because they are very costly compared to the barcode technology. RFID is facing a negative future.
In the other hand, a bright future can be foresighted to this technology thanks to the big raising number of both articles and patents. The wide use of this technology in various places (access control contactless payment …) will hell help reduce production costs.
In the end, show the expectation of RFID

34. End
Q & A

35. Thanks ~

36. Reference
Want, R. (2006). "An introduction to RFID technology." Pervasive Computing, IEEE 5(1):
Wu, N. C., et al. (2006). "Challenges to global RFID adoption." Technovation 26(12):
Ngai, E. W. T., et al. (2008). "RFID research: An academic literature review (1995–2005) and future research directions." International Journal of Production Economics 112(2):
Landt, J. (2005). "The history of RFID." Potentials, IEEE 24(4): 8-11.
Juels, A. (2006). "RFID security and privacy: a research survey." Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal on 24(2):

37. Principles of RFID communication
Near-field

38. Principles of RFID communication
Far-field