1. Implementation of physical Sensors Jesse McVaney BME281 URI

2. Modern Sensors 1917 - Langevin uses piezoelectric effect to create sonar. 1917 - Langevin uses piezoelectric effect to create sonar. 1925 – Dr. Tsuji develops the first combustible gas monitor. 1925 – Dr. Tsuji develops the first combustible gas monitor. 1958 – Kilby develops first integrated circuit for Texas Instruments making it possible to significantly reduce the size of circuits. 1958 – Kilby develops first integrated circuit for Texas Instruments making it possible to significantly reduce the size of circuits.

3. Sensor Types Motion/ Position Motion/ Position Force Force Temperature Temperature Vibration Vibration Current/ Resistance Current/ Resistance Light Light Chemical Chemical

4. Examples www.sparkfun.com

5. Homemade Sensors

6. Standards Sensors may have to comply with strict standards to be implemented for medical use. Sensors may have to comply with strict standards to be implemented for medical use. Degree of accuracy, maintenance schedule, material all factor in to how a sensor may be implemented. Degree of accuracy, maintenance schedule, material all factor in to how a sensor may be implemented. American National Institute Standard code ANSI Z540 covers these requirements American National Institute Standard code ANSI Z540 covers these requirements

7. Instruments may have to undergo periodic calibrations (Annual, monthly, Case per Case) Instruments may have to undergo periodic calibrations (Annual, monthly, Case per Case) Calibrations may require a standard at least ten times as accurate as the instrument under test (Fluke) Calibrations may require a standard at least ten times as accurate as the instrument under test (Fluke) Implantable sensors may need to be constructed of certain materials to avoid toxicity, allergic reaction, or to withstand the environment they are operating in. Implantable sensors may need to be constructed of certain materials to avoid toxicity, allergic reaction, or to withstand the environment they are operating in.

8. Cost Prices vary widely depending on the material, intended use and liability coverage. Prices vary widely depending on the material, intended use and liability coverage. ANSI codes are meant to protect patients but may consequently make some procedures or equipment unaffordable. ANSI codes are meant to protect patients but may consequently make some procedures or equipment unaffordable.

9. Future Less expensive synthetic material. Less expensive synthetic material. Clearer transmission signals Clearer transmission signals Faster sample rates Faster sample rates Smaller implantable/wearable devices Smaller implantable/wearable devices Fewer Calibrations needed. Fewer Calibrations needed.

10. Sources cited Image 08880-03-L Image 08880-03-L Image 08685-03-L Image 08685-03-L Image 09265-1 Image 09265-1 Fluke: "Why calibrate test equipment?“. FLUKE Corporation, 2004. Fluke: "Why calibrate test equipment?“. FLUKE Corporation, 2004.